Table 3 Convergence performance comparison for CEC 2005 benchmark function.

From: A novel Human Conception Optimizer for solving optimization problems

Function

SFO29

PSO6

CTO4

GWO5

WHO28

HCO

Ave

Std

Ave

Std

Ave

Std

Ave

Std

Ave

Std

Ave

Std

\({F_1}\)

6.59E−28

6.34E−05

0.000136

0.000202

3.50E−19

6.59E−19

6.59E−28

6.34E−05

8.2E−14

5.9E−14

0

0

\({F_2}\)

7.18E−17

0.029014

0.042144

0.045421

5.44E−10

5.96E−10

7.18E−17

0.02901

1.5E−09

9.9E−10

4.23E−48

3.65E−63

\({F_3}\)

4.95196E−06

0.000110343

2.26299E−05

0.000356831

7.1739E−05

0.000295386

2.43054E−06

5.22709E−05

6.8E−11

7.4E−11

0.000194706

0.002313515

\({F_4}\)

5.61E−07

1.315088

1.086481

0.317039

4.52507

1.09056

5.61E−07

1.31508

0

0

0.000321656

0.002229746

\({F_5}\)

26.81258

69.90499

96.71832

60.11559

1.30E−19

2.11E−19

26.8126

69.9049

0

0

0.772516484

0.017427571

\({F_6}\)

0.09742269

0.128767789

0.001110401

0.024122691

0.005434

0.038755873

0.001254672

0.012670857

0

0

0.001050433

0.021926755

\({F_7}\)

0.002213

0.100286

0.122854

0.044957

0.005434

0.002232

0.00221

0.10028

0.00463

0.0012

0.000464401

0.002356391

\({F_8}\)

− 6123.1

− 4087.44

− 4841.29

1152.841

− 2791.7

330.711

− 6123.1

-4087.44

− 11080.1

574.7

− 418.983

31.20867554

\({F_9}\)

0.00110267

0.002217182

8.73976E−07

9.6584E−06

0.013548005

0.042302315

0.00186388

0.036574417

69.2

38.8

0.000146449

0.002534135

\({F_{10}}\)

1.06E−13

0.077835

0.276015

0.50901

1.5035

0.651061

1.06E−13

0.077835

9.7E−08

4.2E−08

1.69024706

0.036404351

\({F_{11}}\)

0.004485

0.006659

0.009215

0.007724

0.211515

0.018247

0.00448

0.006659

0

0

0.001641388

0.014162738

\({F_{12}}\)

0.053438

0.020734

0.006917

0.026301

6.08416

4.80515

0.05344

0.020734

7.9E−15

8E−15

− 0.916816662

1.05578E−05

\({F_{13}}\)

0.100043904

0.000981365

0.100011116

0.000238848

0.10226571

0.006217516

0.65446

0.004474

5.1E−14

4.8E−14

0.10001064

8.77149E-05

\({F_{14}}\)

0.665779

8.22388E−15

2.663115884

31.54900921

0.665779

8.22388E−15

4.0425

4.25289

0.998004

3.3E−16

0.665779

8.22388E−15

\({F_{15}}\)

0.000337

0.000625

0.000577

0.000222

0.000434

0.000238

0.00034

0.000625

4.5E−14

0.00033

0.051513612

8.4432E−06

\({F_{16}}\)

− 1.03163

− 1.03163

− 1.03163

6.25E−16

− 1.03136

0

− 1.03163

− 1.03163

− 1.03163

3.1E−13

− 1.030402677

0.014350901

\({F_{17}}\)

0.545282286

0.127323904

0.398208716

0.006995143

0.462937336

0.011283894

0.3978

0.3978

3.397887

9.9E−09

0.398564315

0.005786036

\({F_{18}}\)

3.000028

3

3

1.33E−15

3

0

3.000028

3

3

2E−15

3.0199801

0.184129826

\({F_{19}}\)

− 3.86263

− 3.38278

− 3.86278

2.58E−15

− 3.8794

2.56E−16

− 3.8626

− 3.38278

− 3.86288

− 3.38217

− 3.86178

2.58E−15

\({F_{20}}\)

− 3.28654

− 3.25056

− 3.26634

0.060516

− 3.3222

0

− 3.2865

− 3.2505

− 3.18654

− 3.05056

− 7.74807

6.84582E−14

\({F_{21}}\)

− 10.1514

− 9.14015

− 6.8651

3.019644

− 3.86903

1.36967

− 10.1514

− 9.1402

− 10.1532

0.0000025

− 5.3977697

6.7082E−06

\({F_{22}}\)

− 10.4015

-8.58441

-8.45653

3.087094

− 10.4029

1.26E-15

− 10.4015

−8.584

-10.4029

3.9E−07

− 10.4029

3.9E−07

\({F_{23}}\)

− 10.5343

-8.55899

− 9.95291

1.782786

− 10.5364

1.26E−15

− 10.5343

− 8.5589

− 10.5364

1.9E−07

− 6.18343928

8.22295E−06