Table 2 Protein concentrations in vitreous of control and PDR patients.

From: Vitreous protein networks around ANG2 and VEGF in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the differential effects of aflibercept versus bevacizumab pre-treatment

Protein	LOD	CON (n = 52)		PDR (n = 74)		Fold change	P value
Protein	LOD	Median	Q1–Q3	Median	Q1–Q3	Fold change	P value
Array
Adiponectin	860	4879	873–19,565	85,703	44,408–222,093	17.57	< 0.0001
Angiopoietin-1	3.4	7.0	2.1–8.6	9.1	3.9–15.6	1.30	0.0033
Angiopoietin-2	157	437	217–640	5761	2425–13,256	13.17	< 0.0001
Betacellulin	75.9	0.0	0.0–0.1	22.5	0.0–64.6	+	< 0.0001
Galectin-1	41.7	215	141–311	778	461–1127	3.61	< 0.0001
Galectin-3	3.0	6.2	3.4–10.1	33.7	16.8–48.6	5.45	< 0.0001
GDF-15	9.2	1784	994–3487	5947	4679–8055	3.33	< 0.0001
GDNF	30.8	0.0	0.0–3.4	12.4	0.0–43.5	+	< 0.0001
HGF	5.9	279	204–447	626	403–1075	2.24	< 0.0001
ICAM-1	2.2	19.6	8.9–50.8	135.5	103.2–196.5	6.92	< 0.0001
IGF-1	591	0.0	0.0–0.0	0.0	0.0–0.0
IGFBP-1	13.1	247	84.6–649	2057	637–5945	8.34	< 0.0001
IGFBP-3	161	2734	1749–4317	8994	5965–14,442	3.29	< 0.0001
IL-1β	24.8	0.7	0.0–6.5	8.6	0.4–19.8	11.90	< 0.0001
IL-6	38.5	50.2	6.7–91.8	485	322–861	9.66	< 0.0001
IL-8	73.2	27.2	9.3–72.0	811	521–1425	29.87	< 0.0001
IL-10	21.9	0.0	0.0–2.8	9.7	4.2–17.0	+	< 0.0001
MCP-1	21.4	2533	2278–3095	4023	3385–4637	1.59	< 0.0001
MMP-2	8.7	33.5	15.7–53.8	17.5	9.8–40.0	− 1.91	0.0058
MMP-9	5.4	0.7	0.0–5.8	42.1	12.7–74.1	57.83	< 0.0001
NOV	25.2	4245	2878–5914	5012	3944–7399	1.18	0.0346
NRG1-β1	3.4	1.9	0.3–3.5	2.2	1.1–4.0	1.16	0.3177
PDGF-AA	209	233	0.0–513	728	346–1712	3.13	< 0.0001
PDGF-BB	1.2	0.0	0.0–0.0	0.2	0.0–1.0	+	< 0.0001
PIGF	12.1	5.5	0.5–11.4	412	124–848	74.95	< 0.0001
TGFβ2	7.1	178	107–259	167	63.5–304	0.94	0.5925
Thrombospondin-1	23.0	9.4	0.3–22.5	131.9	46.0–372.1	14.02	< 0.0001
TIMP-1	881	100,300	87,660–124,151	137,260	125,627–152,430	1.37	< 0.0001
TNFα	40.5	7.8	0.0–27.3	27.4	17.0–42.6	3.53	< 0.0001
Ubiquitin+1	62.2	0.0	0.0–0.0	0.0	0.0–43.0	+	0.0066
VEGF R1	297	79,651	62,727–103,456	127,034	108,894–168,201	1.59	< 0.0001
VEGF R2	153	4101	3072–5990	6958	4829–9715	1.70	< 0.0001
VEGFA	15.0	107	73.0–152	10,425	1652–36,345	97.84	< 0.0001
ELISA
CTGF	5.0	77,306	35,025–141,128	337,009	214,750–705,958	4.36	< 0.0001
IGFBP3	80.0	1824	1035–4101	7421	5071–9999	4.07	< 0.0001
PEDF	0.6	27.1	15.8–68.4	11.5	7.8–17.9	− 2.35	< 0.0001
PlGF	7.0	0.0	0.0–2.9	96.0	25.8–211	+	< 0.0001
VEGF	5.0	2.3	0.0–32.9	730	87.8–2836	317	< 0.0001
Zymography
MMP2	−	1,027,790	0.0–2,467,665	1,252,856	0.0–2,737,807	1.22	0.8558
Pro-MMP2	−	4,184,190	1,519,850–7,270,280	6,025,338	3,639,811–8,441,355	1.44	0.0032
Pro-MMP9	−	0.0	0.0–812,512	1,333,870	0.0–3,463,083	+	0.1057

PEDF data is presented in µg/ml, Zymography data is expressed as intensity of bands in arbitrary units. All other protein data are presented in median pg/mL with 1st and 3rd quartile values. BDL, below limit of detection (LOD). Levels that are lower than LOD are underlined and indicated in italics, and should be considered less reliable. Fold changes with '+' present values in PDR that are higher as compared to controls with zero median levels. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess statistical differences between PDR and control patients. Fold changes higher than 5-fold and a P-value < 0.001 are indicated in bold.

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Table 2 Protein concentrations in vitreous of control and PDR patients.

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