Table 4 Demographic composition for each country in the pilot study and main survey.

From: Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries

Country

Pilot study

Main survey

n

Collection period

Age

Gender

n

Collection period

Age

Gender

M (SD)

Range

Male (%)

Female (%)

Other (%)

M (SD)

Range

Male (%)

Female (%)

Other (%)

Argentina

21

30/06/2021–03/07/2021

33.4 (11.5)

23–67

6 (28.6)

15 (71.4)

–

273

19/08/2021–23/02/2022

27.6 (13.5)

18–81

79 (28.9)

179 (65.6)

6 (2.2)

Armenia

28

02/06/2021–14/06/2021

31.9 (9.9)

21–55

16 (57.1)

12 (42.9)

–

286

09/11/2021–17/01/2022

23.9 (8.4)

18–64

59 (20.6)

146 (51.1)

20 (7.0)

Australia

30

21/05/2021–15/06/2021

35.8 10.2)

19–58

6 (20.0)

22 (73.3)

1 (3.3)

205

26/10/2021–31/01/2022

29.6 (8.6)

18–54

38 (18.6)

166 (81.0)

1 (0.5)

Austria

25

31/05/2021–03/06/2021

27.5 (4.2)

23–38

11 (44.00)

14 (56.00)

–

311

15/09/2021–04/02/2022

27.0 (7.0)

18–60

85 (27.3)

206 (66.2)

12 (3.9)

Belgium

28

31/05/2021–01/06/2021

39.5 (11.0)

19–67

3 (10.71)

24 (85.71)

–

316

01/10/2021–30/11/2021

42.5 (9.0)

18–76

74 (23.4)

225 (71.2)

9 (2.9)

Bosnia & Herzegovina

25

28/05/2021–01/06/2021

38.4 (10.1)

23–64

9 (36.00)

16 (64.00)

–

293

07/12/2021–24/01/2022

44.0 (9.6)

18–69

103 (35.2)

164 (56.0)

3 (1.02)

Brazil

31

05/06/2021–08/06/2021

43.2 (9.9)

26–60

7 (22.58)

24 (77.42)

–

665

29/09/2021–08/03/2022

30.1 (4.3)

18–59

451 (67.8)

75 (11.3)

59 (8.9)

Bulgaria

36

11/06/2021–23/06/2021

38.0 (11.2)

25–66

6 (16.7)

26 (72.2)

–

227

09/02/2022–23/03/2022

33.8 (12.6)

18–74

70 (30.8)

139 (61.2)

3 (1.3)

Canada

38

05/07/2021–09/07/2021

20.7 (1.8)

18–27

7 (18.4)

31 (81.6)

–

366

08/09/2021–11/10/2021

20.8 (3.4)

18–45

52 (14.2)

307 (83.9)

3 (0.8)

China

24

09/08/2021–11/08/2021

28.1 (10.0)

19–48

7 (29.2)

17 (70.8)

–

255

06/11/2021–08/01/2022

28.8 (11.0)

18–57

70 (27.5)

161 (63.1)

3 (1.2)

Cyprus (GCC)

26

20/06/2021–27/06/2021

42.0 (14.5)

18–75

9 (34.6)

17 (65.4)

–

285

21/12/2021–21/02/2022

29.5 (12.2)

18–73

83 (29.1)

195 (68.4)

–

Cyprus (TCC)

37

04/10/2021–10/10/2021

37.5 (10.3)

20–41

17 (46.0)

20 (54.1)

–

295

25/11/2021–03/03/2022

35.0 (16.5)

18–85

106 (35.9)

146 (49.5)

14 (4.8)

Czech Republic

25

31/05/2021–02/06/2021

37.6 (13.1)

20–59

7 (28.0)

18 (72.0)

–

407

20/09/2021–29/11/2021

32.6 (10.0)

21–73

248 (61.0)

150 (36.9)

3 (0.7)

Finland

30

03/08/2021–26/01/2022a

41.5 (14.4)

23–78

6 (20.0)

22 (73.3)

1 (3.3)

293

02/02/2022–01/03/2022

37.2 (12.1)

19–74

101 (34.5)

172 (58.7)

12 (4.1)

France

36

26/05/2021–06/06/2021

34.4 (13.6)

21–65

15 (41.7)

21 (58.3)

–

287

21/09/2021–03/01/2022

40.8 (17.7)

18–81

82 (28.6)

181 (63.1)

6 (2.1)

Georgia

30

02/06/2021–04/06/2021

44.1 (9.3)

27–62

6 (20.0)

24 (80.0)

–

286

25/08/2021–14/01/2022

30.0 (12.3)

18–71

39 (13.6)

150 (52.5)

19 (6.6)

Germany

29

04/06/2021–13/06/2021

40.1 (13.9)

20–61

11 (37.9)

17 (58.6)

–

351

19/09/2021–19/10/2021

34.3 (11.2)

18–67

71 (20.2)

232 (66.1)

31 (8.8)

Ghana

32

28/05/2021–01/06/2021

33.3 (7.5)

23–52

19 (59.4)

13 (40.6)

–

309

18/11/2021–23/03/2022

22.4 (4.9)

18–60

70 (22.7)

201 (65.1)

19 (6.2)

Ireland

32

15/07/2021

40.7 (18.0)

19–72

24 (75.0)

8 (25.0)

–

535

29/09/2021–02/12/2021

23.7 (8.9)

18–72

193 (36.1)

328 (61.3)

6 (1.1)

Italy

27

24/05/2021–01/06/2021

25.3 (9.7)

20–55

10 (37.1)

16 (59.3)

1 (3.7)

290

20/09/2021–14/01/2022

28.8 (11.9)

18–86

117 (40.4)

165 (56.9)

3 (1.0)

Kazakhstan

39

24/05/2021–02/06/2021

43.5 (11.5)

18–65

18 (46.2)

21 (53.9)

–

270

27/09/2021–20/02/2022

31.1 (10.9)

18–64

72 (26.7)

125 (46.3)

19 (7.0)

New Zealand

29

18/06/2021–28/06/2021

30.6 (8.7)

18–56

13 (44.8)

16 (55.2)

–

288

17/09/2021–24/01/2022

28.1 (11.8)

18–69

93 (32.3)

187 (65.0)

5 (1.7)

Norway

48

01/06/2021–29/06/2021

40.0 (8.3)

23–72

17 (35.4)

29 (60.4)

–

238

20/09/2021–01/12/2021

28.5 (7.3)

20–71

67 (28.2)

166 (69.8)

2 (0.8)

Poland

22

18/06/2021–21/06/2021

31.3 (8.7)

20–46

6 (27.3)

16 (72.7)

–

436

16/11/2021–10/12/2021

25.6 (7.7)

18–52

56 (12.8)

372 (85.3)

5 (1.2)

Portugal

24

24/05/2021–11/06/2021

42.9 (13.7)

23–75

7 (29.2)

17 (70.8)

–

293

31/08/2021–03/01/2022

40.2 (16.3)

18–80

87 (29.7)

187 (63.8)

11 (3.8)

Romania

31

02/06/2021–12/06/2021

30.5 (13.2)

21–70

6 (19.4)

25 (80.7)

–

307

21/09/2021–30/11/2021

27.4 (10.8)

18–71

70 (22.8)

199 (64.8)

5 (1.6)

Russia

35

16/05/2021–19/05/2021

37.8 (12.0)

18–73

20 (57.1)

15 (42.9)

–

325

22/10/2021–06/12/2021

35.3 (10.0)

18–76

162 (49.9)

124 (38.2)

15 (4.6)

Slovakia

21

24/06/2021–30/06/2021

44.7 (16.4)

21–74

7 (33.3)

14 (66.7)

–

357

07/11/2021–07/12/2021

40.1 (16.9)

18–85

151 (42.3)

198 (55.5)

5 (1.4)

Spain

20

24/06/2021–14/07/2021

40.3 (12.7)

21–68

8 (40.0)

12 (60.0)

–

327

13/12/2021–16/12/2021

29.8 (9.8)

18–58

162 (49.5)

158 (48.3)

5 (1.5)

Switzerland

20

01/06/2021–18/06/2021

42.0 (12.0)

23–71

7 (35.0)

13 (65.0)

–

347

30/11/2021–06/02/2022

39.4 (16.8)

18–84

172 (49.6)

144 (41.5)

18 (5.2)

Turkey

29

15/07/2021–16/07/2021

25.1 (4.6)

19–38

7 (24.14)

22 (75.86)

–

330

28/09/2021–24/12/2021

26.1 (10.3)

18–76

90 (27.3)

220 (66.7)

8 (2.4)

UK

22

24/06/2021–10/08/2021

24.6 (4.2)

19–34

3 (13.6)

19 (86.4)

–

339

04/11/2021–21/12/2021

25.5 (11.8)

18–79

70 (20.7)

265 (78.2)

2 (0.6)

Ukraine

29

18/06/2021–28/06/2021

34.2 (11.7)

19–57

5 (17.2)

24 (82.8)

–

455

26/10/2021–01/11/2021

31.2 (10.6)

18–69

74 (16.3)

254 (55.8)

61 (13.4)

USA

33

19/06/2021–20/06/2021

33.6 (13.2)

18–70

11 (33.3)

21 (63.6)

1 (3.0)

306

30/09/2021–04/10/2021

32.5 (9.3)

18–74

167 (54.6)

129 (42.2)

8 (2.6)

Uzbekistan

24

15/05/2021–20/05/2021

31.1 (11.9)

18–67

13 (54.2)

11 (45.8)

–

384

30/09/2021–21/12/2021

23.1 (8.8)

18–72

62 (16.2)

212 (55.2)

16 (4.2)

  1. Percentages may not add up to 100% for gender due to the exclusion of missings or ‘prefer not to say’ responses. Data were collected online in all countries, with the exception of the main survey in Turkey, where we partially used paper-and-pencil questionnaires.
  2. aData collection was paused from 13/08/2021 to 19/01/2022.
Back to article page