Table 2 Effect of hydration time on the values of compressive strength at different cement composites (a) OPC (b) OPC + 5% AAS (c) OPC + 10% AAS (d) OPC + 15% AAS.

From: Cost-effective and green additives of pozzolanic material derived from the waste of alum sludge for successful replacement of portland cement

Cement composites

1 day

3 days

7 days

28 days

A0 (Blank)

32.15

52.19

68.35

80.30

A1 (0.5% CF)

33.58

53.64

70.77

80.63

A2 (1% CF)

34.11

54.20

71.32

80.86

A3 (2% CF)

36.88

55.89

72.42

81.56

B0 (5% Sludge)

34.74

53.32

69.67

80.95

B1 (5%Sludge + 0.5% CF)

38.13

55.58

70.30

82.73

B2 (5%Sludge + 1% CF)

39.26

56.06

71.09

83.05

B3 (5%Sludge + 2% CF)

40.39

57.68

72.06

83.99

C0 (10% Sludge)

37.35

56.13

71.00

82.33

C1 (10%Sludge + 0.5% CF)

38.29

58.65

71.90

83.08

C2 (10%Sludge + 1% CF)

44.92

61.07

72.71

85.63

C3 (10%Sludge + 2% CF)

47.16

61.40

73.20

86.94

D0 (15% Sludge)

30.83

49.60

63.34

67.21

D1 (15%Sludge + 0.5% CF)

31.29

50.25

65.11

69.99

D2 (15%Sludge + 1% CF)

32.00

51.83

67.86

71.36

D3 (15%Sludge + 2% CF)

32.10

52.00

68.54

72.23