Table 1 Results of GLM for relationships between qMiSeq eDNA concentration (copies/L) and abundance or biomass for each taxon. Significant values are in bold. The scientific name basically followed Nakabo (2013), but Cottus sp. were denoted as Cottus pollux ME because it was known that Cottus sp. in the study sites have mitochondria sequences consistent with Cottus pollux ME regardless of morphology⁷².

Four benthic fish taxa

0.085

0.018

4.86

 < 0.0001

0.015

0.003

5.39

 < 0.0001

Odontobutis obscura and O. hikimius

0.082

0.022

3.67

 < 0.001

0.012

0.004

3.13

 < 0.01

Tridentiger spp.

0.034

0.023

1.51

0.13

0.012

0.008

1.46

0.14

Cottus pollux ME

0.073

0.018

4.04

 < 0.0001

0.016

0.008

1.92

0.06

Pseudogobio esocinus esocinus

− 0.117

0.097

− 1.21

0.23

− 0.005

0.004

− 1.29

0.20

Seven non-benthic fish taxa

0.030

0.005

5.74

 < 0.0001

0.005

0.001

4.50

 < 0.0001

Carrassius spp.

0.039

0.028

1.42

0.16

0.002

0.001

1.57

0.12

Candidia temminckii

0.011

0.006

2.02

 < 0.05

0.004

0.002

2.61

 < 0.01

Pungtungia herzi

0.033

0.019

1.71

0.09

0.008

0.004

2.21

 < 0.05

Opsariichthys platypus

0.040

0.000

88.77

 < 0.0001

0.010

0.008

1.29

0.20

Salvelinus sp.

0.474

0.099

4.79

 < 0.0001

0.018

0.005

3.61

 < 0.0001

Oryzias latipes

0.209

0.156

1.34

0.18

1.458

0.952

1.53

0.13

Rhynchocypris oxycephalus jouyi

0.099

0.033

3.01

 < 0.01

0.011

0.004

2.62

 < 0.01