Table 2 Cross-validation with the blind-tested samples and the respective accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, negative predictive value, false alarm, and F1 score. Comparison of drift effect by excluding and including sugar (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) adulterants from the same batch of blind-tested samples in the training dataset. A comparison analysis by including and excluding other adulterants not excluded from the training dataset was also performed. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

	Testing of adulterant(s) blinded to training
	Does not consider drift effect							Considers drift effect
	Does not consider drift effect							Training with sugar adulterants, testing of normal raw milk samples from the cross-validation batch							Training with sugar and other adulterants, testing of normal raw milk samples from the cross-validation batch
	H2O2	NaOH	salt	H2O2, NaOH	H2O2, salt	NaOH, salt	H2O2, NaOH, salt	H2O2	NaOH	salt	H2O2, NaOH	H2O2, salt	NaOH, salt	H2O2, NaOH, salt	H2O2	NaOH	salt	H2O2, NaOH	H2O2, salt	NaOH, salt
Accuracy	0.5120	0.5280	0.5120	0.4714	0.4571	0.4714	0.4258	Undetermined	0.8625	0.8875	0.8316	0.7895	0.9053	0.8182	0.8125	0.8625	0.8500	0.8316	0.8211	0.8947
Sensitivity	0.0500	0.0667	0.0500	0.0533	0.0400	0.0533	0.0444	Undetermined	1.0000	0.9333	0.7333	0.6000	0.9667	0.7333	0.8667	1.0000	1.0000	0.8667	0.7000	1.0000
Specificity	0.9385	0.9538	0.9385	0.9538	0.9385	0.9538	0.9538	Undetermined	0.8308	0.8769	0.8769	0.8769	0.8769	0.8769	0.8000	0.8308	0.8154	0.8154	0.8769	0.8462
Precision	0.4286	0.5714	0.4286	0.5714	0.4286	0.5714	0.5714	Undetermined	0.5769	0.6364	0.7333	0.6923	0.7838	0.8049	0.5000	0.5769	0.5556	0.6842	0.7241	0.7500
Negative predictive value	0.5169	0.5254	0.5169	0.4662	0.4586	0.4662	0.4189	Undetermined	1.0000	0.9828	0.8769	0.8261	0.9828	0.8261	0.9630	1.0000	1.0000	0.9298	0.8636	1.0000
False alarm	0.0615	0.0462	0.0615	0.0462	0.0615	0.0462	0.0462	Undetermined	0.1692	0.1231	0.1231	0.1231	0.1231	0.1231	0.2000	0.1692	0.1846	0.1846	0.1231	0.1538
F1 score	0.0896	0.1194	0.0896	0.0976	0.0732	0.0976	0.0825	Undetermined	0.7317	0.7568	0.7333	0.6429	0.8657	0.7674	0.6341	0.7317	0.7143	0.7647	0.7119	0.8571

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