Table 1 The 13 integrated treatment combinations and the associated treatment codes.

1

Control (no treatment)

NT

2

Herbicide + Seed Addition

HS

3

Herbicide + Grazing Exclusion + Seed Addition

HGS

4

Herbicide + Tillage + Seed Addition

HTS

5

Herbicide + Second Herbicide + Tillage + Seed Addition

HH*TS

6

Herbicide + Grazing Exclusion + Tillage + Seed Addition

HGTS

7

Herbicide + Grazing Exclusion + Second Herbicide + Tillage + Seed Addition

HGH*TS

8

Herbicide + Fire + Seed Addition

HFS

9

Herbicide + Fire + Grazing Exclusion + Seed Addition

HFGS

10

Herbicide + Fire + Tillage + Seed Addition

HFTS

11

Herbicide + Fire + Grazing Exclusion + Tillage + Seed Addition

HFGTS

12

Herbicide + Fire + Second Herbicide + Tillage + Seed Addition

HFH*TS

13

Herbicide + Fire + Grazing Exclusion + Second Herbicide + Tillage + Seed Addition

HFGH*TS