Table 1 The characteristic of the study population (N = 5471).
Variables | All participant (N = 5471) | HAP exposure time 3750 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Free of HAP exposure (N = 1094) | Regular HAP exposure (N = 2845) | Sustained HAP exposure (N = 1422) | ||
Pain (mean ± SD) | 2.20 ± 1.28 | 1.93 ± 1.12 | 2.18 ± 1.28 | 2.44 ± 1.35 |
Depression (mean ± SD) | 8.88 ± 6.71 | 7.04 ± 5.70 | 8.89 ± 6.71 | 10.31 ± 7.08 |
Disability (mean ± SD) | 14.81 ± 4.00 | 13.83 ± 2.53 | 14.81 ± 3.98 | 15.56 ± 4.78 |
Sex (male, N, %) | 2674 (48.88) | 537 (49.17) | 1446 (50.81) | 637 (44.8) |
Age (mean ± SD, years) | 64.84 ± 8.69 | 64.16 ± 8.94 | 64.82 ± 8.82 | 65.42 ± 8.18 |
Residence (rural, N, %) | 3425 (62.60) | 323 (29.53) | 1834 (64.47) | 1207 (84.86) |
Hukou (agricultural, N, %) | 4209 (76.93) | 539 (49.29) | 2266 (79.64) | 1326 (93.24) |
Marital status (current married, N, %) | 4070 (74.4) | 823 (75.22) | 2092 (73.54) | 1073 (75.48) |
Income (mean ± SD, yuan) | 9.48 ± 1.03 | 10.07 ± 0.83 | 9.49 ± 0.99 | 9.01 ± 1.02 |
Educational level (N, %) | ||||
No formal education | 997 (17.87) | 212 (19.37) | 489 (17.19) | 370 (26.03) |
Primary school | 2507 (45.84) | 501 (45.76) | 1316 (46.27) | 717 (50.45) |
Middle school | 1195 (21.84) | 232 (21.17) | 657 (23.08) | 230 (16.15) |
High School or above | 790 (14.44) | 150 (13.7) | 383 (13.46) | 73 (7.37) |
Smoking status (N, %) | ||||
Non-smoker | 3989 (72.91) | 848 (77.54) | 2072 (72.83) | 987 (69.42) |
Smoker | 1482 (27.09) | 246 (22.46) | 772 (27.17) | 435 (30.58) |
Drinking status (N, %) | ||||
Never | 3640 (66.54) | 668 (61.10) | 1926 (67.69) | 974 (68.52) |
≥ 1 time/month | 1403 (25.65) | 302 (27.60) | 716 (25.15) | 357 (25.13) |
< 1 time/month | 427 (7.81) | 124 (11.3) | 294 (7.16) | 90 (6.36) |
No. of chronic diseases (N, %) | ||||
0 | 794 (14.52) | 167 (15.28) | 419 (14.72) | 192 (13.52) |
1 | 1209 (22.11) | 277 (25.29) | 608 (21.37) | 300 (21.09) |
≥ 2 | 3467 (63.37) | 650 (59.44) | 1818 (63.91) | 987 (69.42) |
