Table 2 Hazard Ratios for the development of cardiovascular disease derived for all three urinary biomarkers considered as continuous or categorical biomarkers.

From: Podocyturia: an earlier biomarker of cardiovascular outcomes

Biomarker

N

B

SE

p value

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

Continuous values

AER (mcg/mg)

106

0.155

0.076

0.041

1.17 (1.01–1.36)

Podocin mRNA (106 copies)

106

2.767

.492

 < 0.001

15.9 (6.1–41.8)

Nephrin mRNA (106 copies)

106

2.030

.361

 < 0.001

7.61 (3.75–15.5)

Two categories #

AER

52/54

0.502

0.329

0.127

1.65 (0.87–3.14)

Podocin mRNA

53/53

2.507

0.506

 < 0.001

12.3 (4.55–33.1)

Nephrin mRNA

52/54

2.767

0.520

 < 0.001

15.9 (5.74–44.0)

Three categories

AER

   

0.289

 

Low

34

   

1.0 (ref)

Intermediate

32

0.426

0.430

0.322

1.53 (0.66–3.55)

High

40

0.610

0.390

0.118

1.84 (0.86–3.95)

Podocin terciles

   

 < 0.001

 

Low

36

  

 < 0.001

1.0 (ref)

Intermediate

35

3.003

1.049

0.004

20.1 (2.58–157.4)

High

35

4.086

1.039

 < 0.001

59.5 (7.8–456.2)

Nephrin terciles *

 

*

*

*

*

  1. N = number of subjects; B (SE) = cox regression coefficient (standard error); HR (95% CI) = hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). Data adjusted for the following Visit 1 factors: gender, age, body mass index, smoking, hypertension (yes/no), statin use (yes/no), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low and high density lipoprotein, and hemoglobin A1c levels.
  2. #Biomarker groups divided to sub-cohorts based on the median visit 1 value.
  3. *Not calculated since no subjects in the low nephrin tercile group had documented CVD during follow-up.
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