Figure 1

Association between D-serine (D-Ser) and d-alanine (D-Ala) profiles and kidney diseases. (A) Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) plots for patients with CKD compared with healthy controls. (B) Plasma and urine levels of D-Ser in patients with kidney diseases and healthy controls. (C) OPLS-DA plots for patients with CKD and DM compared with those without DM. (D) Plasma and urine levels of D-Ala in patients with CKD with and without DM and in healthy controls. *pā<ā0.05, **pā<ā0.01, ***pā<ā0.001 (one-way ANOVA). NS not significant, CKD chronic kidney disease, DM diabetes mellitus, HD hemodialysis.