Table 4 Sheep results of Injectrode-augmented EBGS.

From: Efficacy of bone stimulators in large-animal models and humans may be limited by weak electric fields reaching fracture

Sheep metatarsus model: early-stage healing (unless specified)

Measurement pair (gain)

Stimulation electrode configuration

A

B

C

D

E

Monopolar (over defect)

0.94

1.00

1.02

NA

NA

Monopolar (opposite defect)

0.94

1.02

0.85

NA

NA

Bipolar (two electrodes on opposite end)

0.94

0.99

1.02

NA

NA

Bipolar (both opposite defect)

1.00

1.01

1.02

0.99

1.00

Bipolar (both over defect)

0.97

1.01

1.01

− 0.98

− 1.00

Bipolar (both over defect), late-stage healing

0.59

1.69

1.66

− 0.65

− 0.88

Cadaver: bipolar (both over defect) (n = 5)

NA

1.22 SD 0.59

NA

NA

NA