Table 2 Summary of the LKB NTCP model parameters used in the study. TD50 is the value of the uniform dose given to the entire organ surface corresponding to the 50% probability to induce toxicity; m is inversely proportional to the slope of the dose–response curve; and n (or a) accounts for the volume effect.
From: Potential benefits of using radioactive ion beams for range margin reduction in carbon ion therapy
Organ | Model | Endpoint | n (or a*) | m | TD50, Gy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Optic nerve | Mayo51 | Optic neuropathy | 0.25 | 0.14 | 72 |
Healthy liver | Burman49 | Liver failure | 0.32 | 0.15 | 40 |
Dawson37 | Radiation-induced liver injury (grade ≥ 3) | 0.97 | 0.12 | 39.8 | |
El Naqa I47 | Changes in albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) and Child–Pugh (C-P) score | 1 | 1.47 | 24.3 | |
El Naqa II47 | Liver enzymatic changes (grade > 3) | 1 | 0.55 | 52.6 | |
Pursley I48 | Change in C-P score (grade ≥ 2) | 0.06* | 0.8 | 19 | |
Pursley II48 | Change in ALBI (grade ≥ 1) | 0.5* | 1.5 | 32 |
