Figure 1
From: Low-energy shock wave therapy ameliorates ischemic-induced overactive bladder in a rat model
(A) Experimental design. (1) AI-SW and AI models underwent arterial injury at 16 weeks of age (arrows) and received a high cholesterol diet. LESW was irradiated once a week during 20–23 week (thunder mark). (2) Catheter was implanted into the bladder at 24 weeks of age. (3) Three days later, cystometry and blood flow measurement were performed. For molecular evaluations, animals without catheter implantation were prepared. The bladder was harvested 24 h after LESW (20 weeks of age) for the early phase (*), and one week after the fourth LESW (24 weeks of age) for the late phase (#).(B) A Conscious cystometry was performed in a free-moving metabolic cage. (C) A rat was anesthetized and the anterior wall of the bladder was exposed to measure the blood flow using laser speckle imaging. Arterial blood pressure was simultaneously monitored from the left carotid artery.
