Table 4 Design centering results for Circuit I (Fig. 5a).

From: Rapid yield optimization of miniaturized microwave passives by response features and variable-fidelity EM simulations

Optimization algorithm

Initial yield

Optimized yield

CPU cost$

Estimated by surrogate model (%)

EM-based (%)

Estimated by surrogate model (%)

EM-based (%)

Reference algorithm 1

50

42

100

97

400

Reference algorithm 2

45

42

97

97

200#

Reference algorithm 3

44

42

98

98

82

Reference algorithm 4

45

42

99

98

25

This work (“Yield optimization of microwave passives using multi-fidelity response features” section)

48

42

99

99

16.0#

  1. $Optimization cost in number of EM simulations of the considered circuit.
  2. #Equivalent number of high-fidelity EM simulations (actual number of analyzes was 6 high-fidelity and 28 low-fidelity).
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