Table 1 Features of the bacterial cellulose produced by the strain SEE-3 in comparison with other bacterial species.
BC source | Properties | Structure and properties | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus sp. strain SEE-3 | Morphology | BC is needle-shaped particles with diameters of 30‒40 nm and lengths of 560‒1400 nm | Current study |
Crystallinity | Crystallinity degree value of 79.58% | ||
Zeta potential | Possess a negatively charged surface of Zeta potential − 14.7 mV | ||
Solubility | Insoluble in water, ammonia solution or organic solvents. Soluble in the mixture of 7% NaOH, 12% urea, and 81% distilled water | ||
Maximum weight loss temperature | The bacterial nanocellulose showed a very low mass loss rate of 0.619% at 413.07–799.76 °C (TGA analysis) | ||
BC (nata de coco) Komagataeibacter xylinus | Morphology | BC is needle-like with diameters ranging between 33.7 and 44.3 nm, and lengths ranging between 622 and 1322 nm | Vasconcelos et al.89 |
Crystallinity | Crystallinity degree value of 79% | ||
Zeta potential | Possess a negatively charged surface | ||
Solubility | Not detected | ||
Maximum weight loss temperature | The bacterial nanocellulose showed a mass loss rate of 0.77% at 335 °C (TGA analysis) | ||
Komagataeibacter rhaeticus PG2 | Morphology | BC is a fibrillar width in the range of 30–80 nm | Thorat and Dastager90 |
Crystallinity | Crystallinity degree value of 58–80% | ||
Zeta potential | Not detected | ||
Solubility | Not detected | ||
Maximum weight loss temperature | The maximum degradation of weight loss is 85–95% was observed up to 395 °C (TGA analysis) | ||
Acetobacter xylinum | Morphology | Long, smooth and oriented fibril bundles s that have a width varying from 70 to 200 nm | Surma-Ślusarska et al.91 |
Crystallinity | Not detected | ||
Zeta potential | Not detected | ||
Solubility | Not detected | ||
Maximum weight loss temperature | A quick drop in sample weight begins at 300 °C, the maximum decomposition occurs at 350–370 °C | ||
Gluconacetobacter hansenii (Komagataeibacter hansenii) | Morphology | Ultrafine nanofibrils, average fiber diameters were ranged from 47.64 to 61.11 nm | |
Crystallinity | crystallinities were ranged from 80.27 to 92.96% | ||
Zeta potential | Not detected | ||
Solubility | Not detected | ||
Maximum weight loss temperature | Maximum decomposition occurred at 290–310 °C based on the medium. 70–80% of weight loss is observed at 360–600 °C | ||
Gluconacetobacter xylinus | Morphology | A dense network of fibrils with an average diameter of 30–200 nm | |
Crystallinity | The crystallinity index was 86.94% | ||
Zeta potential | The potential zeta absolute value − 11.39 mV | ||
Solubility | Not detected | ||
Maximum weight loss temperature | Significant thermal degradation from 183.24 to 363.79 °C and total mass loss was 57.24 |
