Table 2 Model fit for multiple group models and measurement invariance comparisons across countries.
Model RAS (7 items) | chi2 (df) | RMSEA [90% CI] | SRMR | CFI | TLI | Δ chi2 S-B | Δ CFI | Δ RMSEA | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
One factor pooled sample (n = 1635) | 187.656*** (14) | 0.052 [0.046, 0.059] | 0.034 | 0.998 | 0.997 | – | – | – | Pass |
Country | |||||||||
Baseline Poland sample (n = 733) | 109.252*** (14) | 0.058 [0.048, 0.069] | 0.032 | 0.998 | 0.998 | – | – | – | Pass |
Baseline Hungary sample (n = 703) | 119.282*** (14) | 0.063 [0.053, 0.074] | 0.037 | 0.998 | 0.996 | – | – | – | Pass |
Baseline U.S. sample (n = 200) | 57.521*** (14) | 0.083 [0.061, 0.106] | 0.049 | 0.997 | 0.995 | – | – | – | Pass |
Configural invariance | 279.611*** (42) | 0.064 [0.057, 0.071] | 0.036 | 0.998 | 0.997 | – | – | – | Pass |
Metric invariance | 357.430*** (54) | 0.081 [0.073, 0.089] | 0.045 | 0.996 | 0.995 | 79.586**(12) | − 0.002 | 0.017 | Pass* |
Scalar invariance | 437.500*** (94) | 0.063 [0.057, 0.069] | 0.057 | 0.995 | 0.997 | 57.142*(40) | − 0.001 | − 0.018 | Pass |
Country, Monte Carlo sampling (n = 200 for each group, number of samples = 100) | |||||||||
Configural invariance | 240.057*** (42) | 0.077 [0.068, 0.087] | 0.041 | 0.997 | 0.996 | – | – | – | Pass |
Metric invariance | 330.785*** (54) | 0.100 [0.090, 0.111] | 0.054 | 0.994 | 0.993 | 90.72***(12) | − 0.003 | 0.023 | Pass* |
Scalar invariance | 245.001*** (94) | 0.077 [0.068, 0.086] | 0.116 | 0.994 | 0.996 | 5.91 (40) | 0 | − 0.023 | Pass |
