Table 1 Participants’ baseline characteristics (N = 566).
Variable | Category | n (%) or Mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 76.31 ± 3.75 | |
Gender | Male | 208 (36.7) |
Female | 358 (63.3) | |
Educational level | Elementary school | 319 (56.5) |
Middle school | 77 (13.6) | |
High school | 98 (17.3) | |
College | 71 (12.6) | |
Public assistant beneficiary | Yes | 55 (9.8) |
No | 507 (90.2) | |
Marital status | Married | 320 (56.6) |
Bereaved | 226 (39.9) | |
Other | 20 (3.5) | |
Area of residence | Urban | 147 (26.1) |
Suburban | 252 (44.7) | |
Rural | 165 (29.2) | |
Housing status | Detached house | 250 (44.2) |
Apartment | 230 (40.6) | |
Other | 86 (15.2) | |
Drinking | Not drinking | 316 (56.2) |
1/year–4/month | 166 (29.6) | |
≥ 2 times/week | 80 (14.2) | |
Physical activity (MET-min/week) | 2652.95 ± 3416.72 | |
Balance (tandem position) | < 3 s | 69 (12.5) |
3–9.9 s | 76 (13.8) | |
≥ 10 s | 407 (73.7) | |
Frailty (score) | 1.15 ± 1.16 |
