Table 1 General characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation according to relaxin-2 subgroups.

From: Relaxin-2 plasma levels in atrial fibrillation are linked to inflammation and oxidative stress markers

 

All patients (n = 68)

Left atrium relaxin-2 plasma levels

Peripheral vein relaxin-2 plasma levels

 ≤ 20.81 ± 46.21 pg/mL (n = 34)

 > 20.81 ± 46.21 pg/mL (n = 34)

p-value

 ≤ 39.32 ± 59.47 pg/mL (n = 34)

 > 39.32 ± 59.47 pg/mL (n = 34)

p-value

Male, n (%)

59 (86.8%)

30 (88.2%)

29 (85.3%)

1.000

32 (94.1%)

27 (79.4%)

0.150

Female, n (%)

9 (13.2%)

4 (11.8%)

5 (14.7%)

1.000

2 (5.9%)

7 (20.6%)

0.150

Age (years), median ± IQR

56.50 ± 14.50

56.50 ± 13.25

57.00 ± 14.50

0.980

56.00 ± 13.75

58.00 ± 15.75

0.547

BMI (kg/m2), median ± IQR

29.38 ± 6.08

28.73 ± 6.66

29.44 ± 5.94

0.229

28.73 ± 6.66

29.44 ± 6.65

0.333

AHT, n (%)

25 (36.80%)

13 (38.20%)

12 (35.30%)

1.000

12 (35.30%)

13 (38.20%)

1.000

T2DM, n (%)

6 (8.80%)

2 (5.90%)

4 (11.80%)

0.673

2 (5.90%)

4 (11.80%)

0.673

CKD, n (%)

2 (2.90%)

1 (2.90%)

1 (2.90%)

1.000

1 (2.90%)

1 (2.90%)

1.000

Obesity, n (%)

30 (44.10%) (n = 67)

15 (44.10%) (n = 33)

15 (44.10%)

1.000

14 (41.20%)

16 (47.10%) (n = 33)

0.627

Smokers, n (%)

16 (23.50%)

4 (11.80%)

12 (35.30%)

0.043

5 (14.70%)

11 (32.40%)

0.152

Glucose (mg/dL), median ± IQR

100.50 ± 21.50

98.50 ± 20.00

103.00 ± 23.25

0.628

99.50 ± 20.00

102.00 ± 24.25

0.602

TC (mg/dL), median ± IQR

193.00 ± 59.50 (n = 65)

193.50 ± 62.50 (n = 32)

193.00 ± 50.00 (n = 33)

0.443

195.00 ± 78.00 (n = 32)

193.00 ± 50.00 (n = 33)

0.341

LDL-c (mg/dL), median ± IQR

120.50 ± 48.75 (n = 64)

121.00 ± 47.00 (n = 31)

115.00 ± 49.50 (n = 33)

0.600

121.00 ± 49.00 (n = 31)

120.00 ± 48.00 (n = 33)

0.633

HDL-c (mg/dL), median ± IQR

47.50 ± 21.50 (n = 64)

49.00 ± 22.00 (n = 31)

45.00 ± 19.00 (n = 33)

0.489

50.00 ± 23.00 (n = 31)

45.00 ± 17.00 (n = 33)

0.256

TG (mg/dL), median ± IQR

116.00 ± 77.50 (n = 65)

115.50 ± 71.00 (n = 32)

123.00 ± 83.00 (n = 33)

0.808

112.50 ± 86.25 (n = 32)

123.00 ± 67.00 (n = 33)

0.778

LVEF (%), median ± IQR

64.00 ± 11.00

63.00 ± 10.00

66.00 ± 10.75

0.210

63.00 ± 12.25

64.50 ± 9.50

0.663

HR (bpm), median ± IQR

67.50 ± 21.50

68.00 ± 21.15

65.50 ± 25.25

0.740

71.00 ± 25.25

65.50 ± 18.00

0.572

LA Area (cm2), median ± IQR

8.11 ± 2.59

8.06 ± 2.07

8.33 ± 7.87

0.528

8.06 ± 2.19

8.30 ± 2.97

0.481

LA Volume (mL), median ± IQR

35.84 ± 24.87 (n = 66)

34.67 ± 23.09 (n = 33)

39.27 ± 26.28 (n = 33)

0.492

32.18 ± 22.93 (n = 32)

40.79 ± 24.25

1.000

Type of AF, n (%)

Paroxysmal

23 (33.80%)

12 (35.30%)

11 (32.40%)

1.000

12 (35.30%)

11 (32.40%)

1.000

Persistent

29 (42.60%)

14 (41.20%)

15 (44.10%)

1.000

13 (38.20%)

16 (47.10%)

0.624

Long-standing persistent

16 (23.50%)

8 (23.50%)

8 (23.50%)

1.000

9 (26.50%)

7 (20.60%)

0.776

AF duration (months), median ± IQR

36.00 ± 51.00 (n = 67)

36.00 ± 50.00 (n = 33)

36.00 ± 54.00 (n = 34)

0.905

36.00 ± 59.00 (n = 33)

36.00 ± 47.00 (n = 34)

0.702

  1. The exact n values are stated in the table depending on the subgroups and the different parameters. Values are represented as n (%) or median ± Interquartile Range (IQR) in %, pg/mL, years, kg/m2, mg/dL, bpm, cm2, mL or months. Statistical analysis: Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test. p-value for the difference between patient groups defined according to the median value of relaxin-2 distribution in left atrium and peripheral vein.
  2. AHT: arterial hypertension; BMI: body mass index; bpm: beats per minute; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR: heart rate; IQR: interquartile range; LA: left atrium; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides.
  3. Significant values are in bold.
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