Table 2 General characteristics of male patients with atrial fibrillation according to relaxin-2 subgroups.

From: Relaxin-2 plasma levels in atrial fibrillation are linked to inflammation and oxidative stress markers

 

Men

All patients (n = 59)

Left atrium relaxin-2 plasma levels

Peripheral vein relaxin-2 plasma levels

 ≤ 20.19 ± 44.59 pg/mL (n = 29)

 > 20.19 ± 44.59 pg/mL (n = 30)

p-value

 ≤ 35.03 ± 53.79 pg/mL (n = 29)

 > 35.03 ± 53.79 pg/mL (n = 30)

p-value

Age (years), median ± IQR

56.00 ± 14.00

56.00 ± 12.50

57.00 ± 14.00

0.808

56.00 ± 12.00

57.00 ± 14.00

0.756

BMI (kg/m2), median ± IQR

29.37 ± 6.18

29.07 ± 6.03

29.38 ± 6.59

0.868

29.05 ± 5.44

29.40 ± 7.48

0.671

AHT, n (%)

20 (33.90%)

11 (37.90%)

9 (30.00%)

0.589

10 (34.50%)

10 (34.50%)

1.000

T2DM, n (%)

6 (10.2%)

2 (6.90%)

4 (13.30%)

0.671

1 (3.40%)

5 (16.70%)

0.195

CKD, n (%)

1 (1.70%)

0 (0.00%)

1 (3.30%)

1.000

0 (0.00%)

1 (3.30%)

1.000

Obesity, n (%)

25 (42.40%) (n = 58)

13 (44.80%) (n = 28)

12 (40.00%)

0.791

12 (41.40%)

13 (43.30%) (n = 29)

1.000

Smokers, n (%)

15 (25.40%)

4 (13.80%)

11 (36.70%)

0.072

4 (13.80%)

11 (36.70%)

0.072

Glucose (mg/dL), median ± IQR

101.00 ± 20.00

98.00 ± 19.00

104.50 ± 20.25

0.098

99.00 ± 20.50

103.00 ± 22.50

0.976

TC (mg/dL), median ± IQR

190.00 ± 61.75 (n = 56)

190.00 ± 59.00 (n = 27)

186.00 ± 55.50 (n = 29)

0.634

190.00 ± 66.00 (n = 27)

189.00 ± 61.50 (n = 29)

0.394

LDL-c (mg/dL), median ± IQR

117.00 ± 50.00 (n = 55)

118.50 ± 49.75 (n = 26)

115.00 ± 53.00 (n = 29)

0.730

117.00 ± 53.25 (n = 26)

115.00 ± 52.00 (n = 29)

0.527

HDL-c (mg/dL), median ± IQR

45.00 ± 15.00 (n = 55)

46.50 ± 15.75 (n = 26)

43.00 ± 14.50 (n = 29)

0.649

49.50 ± 18.25 (n = 26)

43.00 ± 11.00 (n = 29)

0.084

TG (mg/dL), median ± IQR

123.00 ± 82.25 (n = 56)

116.00 ± 59.00 (n = 27)

123.00 ± 95.50 (n = 29)

0.664

104.00 ± 79.00 (n = 27)

136.00 ± 74.50 (n = 29)

0.321

LVEF (%), median ± IQR

64.00 ± 12.00

63.00 ± 11.00

66.00 ± 13.00

0.400

63.00 ± 12.50

65.00 ± 10.75

0.404

HR (bpm), median ± IQR

68.00 ± 25.00

74.00 ± 25.00

66.00 ± 25.75

0.638

74.00 ± 26.00

67.50 ± 20.50

0.832

LA Area (cm2), median ± IQR

8.14 ± 2.45

8.07 ± 2.09

8.33 ± 3.19

0.500

8.00 ± 2.45

8.53 ± 2.89

0.163

LA Volume (mL), median ± IQ R

33.33 ± 23.41 (n = 57)

32.18 ± 21.57 (n = 28)

38.38 ± 24.19 (n = 29)

1.000

32.08 ± 19.05 (n = 27)

36.97 ± 23.28

1.000

Type of AF, n (%)

Paroxysmal

18 (30.50%)

8 (27.60%)

10 (33.30%)

0.779

8 (27.60%)

10 (33.30%)

0.779

Persistent

27 (45.80%)

14 (48.30%)

13 (43.30%)

0.796

13 (44.80%)

14 (46.70%)

1.000

Long-standing persistent

14 (23.70%)

7 (24.10%)

7 (23.30%)

1.000

8 (27.60%)

6 (20.00%)

0.552

AF duration (months), median ± IQR

36.00 ± 52.00 (n = 58)

32.00 ± 60.00 (n = 28)

36.00 ± 53.00

0.975

25.50 ± 60.00 (n = 28)

36.00 ± 52.00

0.919

  1. The exact n values are stated in the table depending on the subgroups and the different parameters. Values are represented as n (%) or median ± Interquartile Range (IQR) in %, pg/mL, years, kg/m2, mg/dL, bpm, cm2, mL or months. Statistical analysis: Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test. p-value for the difference between patient groups defined according to the median value of relaxin-2 distribution in left atrium and peripheral vein.
  2. AHT: arterial hypertension; BMI: body mass index; bpm: beats per minute; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR: heart rate; IQR: interquartile range; LA: left atrium; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides.
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