Figure 5
Quantification of radiation damage. (a,b) In situ ptychographic reconstructions during the GRR obtained at the same reaction time, showing (a) a region previously unexposed to X-rays and (b) a region continuously exposed for the preceding 6.4 h in the defocus of the X-ray beam. (c) Ptychographic reconstruction of a GRR exposed in the X-ray focus with a shifting field of view. The gray scale indicates the phase shift in radian. (d) Ptychographic reconstruction highlighting a number of areas around individual particles used for the quantitative phase analysis. The reconstructed pixel size is 14.51 nm. (e) Expected evolution of the total phase shift of the particles (red) highlighted in (d), assuming a full conversion from Cu2O to Au, compared to the measured phase shift (green). We applied a moving average with a window size of 3 data points. A larger negative phase shift indicates more material. Due to the unknown amounts of Cu2O and Au in the sample, we can not convert the measured phase shift into an electron count (see Supplementary Note 5 for details).
