Figure 1

ICMS mapping of frontal motor-related areas in a monkey SCI model. (a) Lateral view of the monkey brain showing the cortical areas examined by ICMS. (b,c) Results of ICMS mapping for identification of digit representation of the SMA before SCI (b) and 10 days after SCI (c) in Monkey C. (d,e) Results of ICMS mapping for identification of digit representations of the M1, PMd, and PMv before SCI (d) and 10 days after SCI (e). Scale bar, 2 mm. The identified digit regions (in gray) are taken for morphological analyses of large layer V pyramidal neurons (i.e., putative CST neurons). The body parts of which movements were evoked by ICMS are indicated as follows: D, digits; E, elbow; F, face; S, shoulder; W, wrist; X, no response. cs, central sulcus; ias, inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus; ml, midline; sas, superior limb of the arcuate sulcus.