Figure 4
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of post–thawed sperm of buffalo in groups treated with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 150 µg/mL alpha-lipoic acid loaded liposomes (ALAN) (A1,2; B1,2; C1,2; D1,2 and E1,2 respectively). A1, A2) The control group (A1 for sperm head and A2 for sperm tail) showing nucleus (NU) without plasma membrane (PM), swollen plasma membrane, damaged acrosomal (DAC), necrotic chromatin (NC) and mitochondria (MIT) with distorted cristae. B1, B2, C1 and C2) The groups 25 and 50 µg ALAN supplemented with freezing extender, buffalo head sperm has moderate condensed chromatin, acrosomal swelling and some alterations in plasma integrities. Moreover, the same groups showing slight abnormal mitochondrial (MIT). D1, D2, E1 and E2) The groups 75 and 150 µg ALAN supplemented with freezing extender, buffalo sperm showing preserve plasma membrane structure (PM), condensed chromatin (CC), and regular flagellum (RF) with sustain of cristae membrane in MIT. CC; condensed chromatin, SM; swollen mitochondria, NC; necrotic chromatin, PM; plasma membrane, MIT; mitochondria, AC; intact acrosomal, DAC; Damaged acrosomal, DF; Disarranged of flagellum, RF; Regular flagellum.
