Table 4 Effect of supplementing Tris-extender with alpha-lipoic acid loaded liposomes (ALAN) on sperm characteristics (%) in post-thawed buffalo bull semen after incubation (at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 2 h).

From: Supplementation of Alpha-lipoic acid-loaded nanoliposomes in semen extender improves freezability of buffalo spermatozoa

Treatment1

Sperm characteristics (%)2

Progressive motility

Vitality

Membrane integrity

Abnormality

ALAN0

30.0 ± 2.24c

33.6 ± 2.34c

34.4 ± 2.25c

13.6 ± 0.93

ALAN25

35.0 ± 1.58bc

38.4 ± 2.11bc

37.6 ± 1.21bc

12.0 ± 0.55

ALAN50

36.0 ± 1.87b

39.8 ± 1.50ab

39.0 ± 1.45abc

12.8 ± 0.58

ALAN75

39.0 ± 1.00ab

41.4 ± 1.57ab

40.6 ± 1.50ab

12.8 ± 0.97

ALAN150

43.0 ± 2.00a

45.4 ± 1.75a

43.0 ± 1.76a

14.0 ± 0.84

  1. 1Tris extender supplemented with different levels of alpha-lipoic acid loaded liposomes (ALAN) containing 0 (ALAN0), 25 (ALAN25), 50 (ALAN50), 75 ALAN75 and 150 ALAN150 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 150 µg/mL), respectively.
  2. 2a–c means denoted within the same column with different superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05.
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