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Figure 2

From: Ancient Great Wall building materials reveal environmental changes associated with oases in northwestern China

Figure 2

Remnant wall segments and beacon towers of northwestern China. (a) Sampling of Phragmites culms from a wall section at Majuanwan (Site 7); (b) Reed fascines alternating with layers of rammed earth at Majuanwan. Near center is a fascine of Phragmites culms that were sampled for analysis; (c) Remnants of Sishilidadun Beacon Tower (Site 14) dating to the Song Dynasty. Although not visible, the beacon tower was constructed like the wall section in panel a, with rammed earth alternating with reed fascines; (d) Low altitude air photo of the Yakelun Beacon Tower (Site 11), courtesy of Xingjun Hu. Note the wild plants growing adjacent to the tower.

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