Figure 5
From: On the role of tail in stability and energetic cost of bird flapping flight
Dynamic response of the three representatives limit cycles, to a Gaussian-like upward gust. Case (a) Separation of the perturbed solution along the unstable eigendirection (black) from the periodic orbit. Case (b) and (c) Passively stable response. After a transient, the perturbed trajectory (black) tends to converge back to the level steady flight condition (red) (Color figure online).
