Table 1 Subgroup analyses of overall survival.

From: Association between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis

Subgroup

No. of studies

No. of patients

Estimates (HR)

Lower limit to Upper limit

P‐value

Treatment

RFA

4

505

4.46

2.64–7.54

 < 0.001

Hepatectomy

12

3172

2.03

1.56–2.64

 < 0.001

TACE/TARE

6

975

2.23

1.47–3.39

 < 0.001

Radiotherapy

2

224

2.13

1.43–3.17

 < 0.001

Sorafenib

8

1458

1.69

1.41–2.06

 < 0.001

Lenvatinib

4

354

1.80

1.27–2.55

0.001

ICIs

2

159

1.27

0.79–2.05

0.323

BCLC stage

0/A

2

233

4.13

1.38–12.36

0.011

0/A and B

5

660

3.93

2.38–6.50

 < 0.001

B and C

13

1715

1.51

1.33–1.72

 < 0.001

C

3

620

1.20

0.83–1.75

0.331

PMI or SMI

SMI

33

6727

1.87

1.63–2.13

 < 0.001

PMI

8

1115

2.26

1.56–3.28

 < 0.001

Regions

Asia

37

7469

1.87

1.64–2.13

 < 0.001

Non-Asia

13

1299

2.16

1.73–2.72

 < 0.001

Gender

Only males

2

111

1.55

1.15–2.10

0.004

Both

48

8657

1.95

1.73–2.20

 < 0.001

Delta or baseline*

Delta

3

356

2.41

1.34–4.33

0.003

Baseline

47

8412

1.93

1.72–2.16

 < 0.001

  1. ICIs immune checkpoint inhibitors, RFA radiofrequency ablation, TACE transarterial chemoembolization, TARE transarterial radioembolization, BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, SMI skeletal muscle index, PMI psoas muscle index.
  2. *Delta: sarcopenia was defined with the change of skeleton muscle during or after the treatment.
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