Table 2 Artifacts of NMO layer 4b selected for the functional study based on the two morphological groups identified in the assemblage and subdivided by typological categories, along with the number of artifacts that showed use-wear.

From: Butchering knives and hafting at the Late Middle Paleolithic open-air site of Nahal Mahanayeem Outlet (NMO), Israel

Tool type

Analyzed

With use-wear

Pointed elements

Blade

2

2

Retouched blade

1

1

Levallois point

8

7

Retouched Levallois point

5

2

Pseudo-Levallois point

2

Non-Levallois point

14

2

Mousterian point

1

1

Point

3

1

Notch

3

2

Single convex side scraper

1

1

Double convex side scraper

1

Double straight convex side scraper

1

Double concave-convex side scraper

1

Totals

43

19

Cutting elements

Blade

4

1

Levallois flake

2

1

Atypical Levallois flake

2

1

Denticulate

4

4

Retouched blade

4

3

Flake

28

17

Retouched flake

12

6

Naturally backed knife

25

18

Atypical backed knife

2

Notch

1

1

Typical end scraper

1

1

Atypical end scraper

1

Totals

86

53

Grand total

129

72