Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Peatland groundwater level in the Indonesian maritime continent as an alert for El Niño and moderate positive Indian Ocean dipole events

Figure 2

(a) Time series of the groundwater level (GWL) and rainfall in Central Kalimantan. (b) Nino3.4 and Dipole Mode (DMI) indices. The shaded area above and below the 0.5 values for Nino3.4 (blue & magenta), and DMI (cyan and gray). Brown arrows (El Niño events in 1994, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2009); Red arrows (Super El Niño events in 1997 & 2015). Blue arrows (IOD+ events in 1994, 1997, 2006, 2019); (c) the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) along the southern coast of Sumatra-Java. Super El Niño, when Nino3.4 above +2.5, occurred in 1997 and 2015.

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