Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Severe, short-term sleep restriction reduces gut microbiota community richness but does not alter intestinal permeability in healthy young men

Figure 3

Intestinal permeability measured by urinary excretion of sugar substitutes following three consecutive nights of adequate sleep (AS) or sleep restriction (SR). Five-hour urinary excretion of (a) lactulose and (b) mannitol expressed as percent of dose administered. (c) Lactulose:mannitol ratio. (a–c) Mixed model ANOVA; all data log10-transformed for analysis. Median and interquartile range shown. n = 17.

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