Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients without and with LAA thrombi. Data are displayed as n (%) or mean ± SD. Actual numbers of patients differing from total number of study group are indicated separately for each parameter.

total n = 481

total n = 450

Age (years)

67.8 ± 10.2

72.5 ± 8.8

 < 0.001

Male

293 (60.9%)

292 (64.9%)

0.21

Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²)

30.9 ± 6.0

30.2 ± 5.9

0.07

Cerebral thrombotic events

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

14 (2.9%)

20 (4.5%)

0.21

Stroke

54 (11.2%)

87 (19.3%)

 < 0.001

n = 432

0.005

Hypertension

442 (91.9%)

416 (96.3%)

Diabetes mellitus Type II

110 (22.9%)

159 (35.3%)

 < 0.001

Atherosclerotic vessel disease

n = 394

n = 374

 < 0.001

Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

46 (11.7%)

90 (24.1%)

n = 459

n = 442

 < 0.001

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

166 (36.2%)

237 (53.6%)

One vessel

 − 70 (42.4%)

 − 93 (38.8%)

Two vessels

 − 42 (25.5%)

 − 57 (23.8%)

Three vessels

 − 53 (32.1%)

 − 84 (35.0%)

n = 387

n = 353

 < 0.001

CAD + PAD

37 (9.6%)

74 (21.0%)

Structural heart disease

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

40 (8.3%)

85 (18.9%)

 < 0.001

Hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy H(O)CM

7 (1.4%)

10 (2.2%)

0.055

Valvular heart disease (moderate and severe)

Mitral valve stenosis

n = 473

9 (1.9%)

30 (6.7%)

 < 0.001

Mitral valve regurgitation

n = 467

n = 441

72 (15.4%)

89 (20.2%)

0.06

Prior mitral valve surgery and interventional procedures

n = 438

33 (6.8%)

47 (10.7)

0.17

Aortic valve stenosis

19 (4.0%)

55 (12.2%)

 < 0.001

Prior aortic valve surgery/ interventional procedures

23 (4.7%)

32 (7.7%)

 < 0.001

Aortic valve regurgitation

n = 428

17 (3.5%)

27 (6.3%)

0.052

Tricuspid valve regurgitation

n = 467

47 (10.1%)

121 (26.9%)

 < 0.001

Prior reconstruction

n = 467

2 (0.4%)

12 (2.7%)

 < 0.001

Echocardiographic characteristics

Ejection fraction %

54.7 ± 12.9

42.6 ± 16.4

 < 0.001

Septum diameter (mm)

n = 447

n = 431

 < 0.001

≤ 13 mm

374 (83.6%)

320 (74.2%)

 ≥ 14 mm

73 (16.3%)

111 (25.7%)

Left atrium (LA) diameter parasternal long axis (mm)

n = 143

n = 138

0.003

47.7 ± 7.2

50.2 ± 6.6

LA area 4 chamber view (cm²)

n = 388

n = 394

27.4 ± 6.2

31.4 ± 7.1

 < 0.001

Right atrium (RA) area 4 chamber view (cm²)

n = 293

n = 367

24.09 ± 5.1

27.12 ± 6.7

 < 0.001

LAA flow velocity first TEE (cm/s)

n = 437

n = 421

44.0 ± 16.2

19.6 ± 5.6

 < 0.001

E/e´

n = 215

n = 213

14.1 ± 4.5

19.1 ± 6.9

 < 0.001

LVEDP (mmHg)

n = 191

n = 214

16.2 ± 5.3

17.9 ± 5.3

0.002

CHA₂DS₂- VASc score

n = 477

n = 448

 < 0.001

 ≤ 4

380 (79.6%)

244 (54.5%)

 ≥ 5

97 (20.3%)

204 (45.5%)

Blood chemistry characteristics

INR first admission

n = 236

n = 250

2.6 ± 0.76

2.38 ± 0.87

 < 0.001

high-sensitivity (hs) Troponin T ng/ml (< 0.014 ng/ml)

n = 204

n = 225

0.023 ± 0.035

0.042 ± 0.049

 < 0.001

NT-proBNP pg/ml (< 300 pg/ml)

n = 261

n = 325

2433.0 ± 2864.9

5687.9 ± 8596.9

 < 0.001

D-Dimer mg/l (< 0.23 mg/l)

n = 129

n = 132

0.19 ± 0.2

0.31 ± 0.3

0.002

C-reactive protein (CRP) mg/dl (< 0.5 mg/dl)

n = 471

n = 444

0.37 ± 0.48

0.98 ± 2.01

 < 0.001

Fibrinogen mg/dl (184–480 mg/dl)

n = 427

n = 381

378.1 ± 67.5

425.6 ± 76.3

 < 0.001

HbA_1c mmol/mol (< 42 mmol/mol)

n = 211

n = 209

43.1 ± 10.5

47.2 ± 11.3

 < 0.001

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ml/min/1.73m²

n = 448

73.8 ± 22.9

59.4 ± 22.5

 < 0.001

Oral anticoagulation on admission

None

72 (15.0%)

120 (26.7%)

Vitamin K antagonist

253 (52.6%)

266 (59.1%)

Factor Xa inhibitor

97 (20.2%)

38 (8.4%)

Thrombin inhibitor

13 (2.7%)

10 (2.2%)

Heparin low molecular weight

42 (8.7%)

12 (2.7%)

LAA morphology (CT)

n = 251

n = 163

0.107

Cactus

71 (28.3%)

64 (39.3%)

Chicken wing

114 (45.4%)

61 (37.4%)

Windsock

50 (19.9%)

26 (16.0%)

Califlower

16 (6.4%)

12 (7.4%)