Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with dissolved and persistent LAA thrombi. Data are displayed as n (%) or mean ± SD. Actual numbers of patients differing from total number of study group are indicated separately for each parameter.

Age (years)

69.9 ± 8.7

73.8 ± 8.2

 < 0.001

Male

117 (68.4%)

90 (67.7%)

0.12

BMI (kg/m²)

n = 163

n = 126

31.1 ± 6.9

30.0 ± 4.9

0.154

Cerebral thrombotic events

TIA

5 (2.9%)

5 (3.8%)

0.218

Stroke

26 (15.2%)

37 (27.8%)

0.012

Hypertension

n = 168

n = 130

160 (95.2%)

127 (97.7%)

0.538

Diabetes mellitus Type II

48 (28.1%)

50 (37.6%)

0.032

Atherosclerotic vessel disease

PAD

n = 153

n = 112

30 (19.6%)

30 (26.8%)

0.24

CAD

n = 169

0.626

77 (45.5%)

78 (58.6%)

One vessel

34 (44.1%)

27 (34.6%)

Two vessels

20 (26%)

17 (21.8%)

Three vessels

23 (29.9%)

34 (43.6%)

CAD + PAD

n = 145

n = 104

24 (16.6%)

24 (23.1%)

0.222

Structural heart

DCM

40 (23.4%)

21 (15.8%)

0.16

HOCM/HCM

2 (1.2%)

3 (2.3%)

0.398

Valvular heart disease (moderate and severe)

Mitral valve stenosis

5 (2.9%)

6 (4.4%)

 < 0.001

Mitral valve regurgitation

i = 166

n = 130

28 (16.9%)

22 (16.9%)

0.05

Prior mitral valve surgery and interventional procedures

n = 167

n = 128

20 (11.9%)

12 (9.4%)

0.304

Aortic valve stenosis and prior aortic valve surgery/interventional procedures

13 (7.6%)

11 (8.3%)

0.015

12 (7.0%)

10 (7.5%)

Aortic valve regurgitation

n = 161

n = 127

4 (2.5%)

10 (7.9%)

0.037

Tricuspid valve Regurgitation and prior reconstruction

30 (17.5%)

41 (30.8%)

0.012

Echocardiographic characteristics

Ejection fraction %

41.8 ± 17.0

44.1 ± 15.4

0.051

Septum diameter (mm)

n = 167

n = 128

0.536

 ≤ 13 mm

148 (88.6%)

103 (80.5%)

 ≥ 14 mm

19 (11.4%)

25 (19.5%)

LA diameter parasternal long axis (mm)

n = 55

n = 36

50.3 ± 8.2

51.1 ± 4.9

0.601

LA area 4 chamber view (cm²)

n = 158

n = 120

0.129

30.5 ± 7.6

31.8 ± 6.9

RA area 4 chamber view (cm²)

n = 142

n = 114

25.8 ± 5.5

27.6 ± 6.0

0.010

LAA emptying flow velocity (cm/s)

First TOE

0.836

n = 129

18.7 ± 4.8

Last TOE

n = 117

18.1 ± 4.9

LAA emptying flow velocity (cm/s)

First TOE

 < 0.001

n = 161

20.3 ± 5.3

Last TOE

n = 159

32.7 ± 11.9

E/e´

n = 90

n = 72

18.2 ± 6.7

19.6 ± 6.0

0.177

LVEDP (invasive measurement. mmHg)

n = 84

n = 61

18.5 ± 5.3

17.9 ± 5.6

0.517

CHA₂DS₂- VASc score

0.002

 ≤ 4

113 (66.1%)

64 (48.1%)

 ≥ 5

58 (33.9%)

69 (51.9%)

Blood chemistry characteristics

INR first admission

n = 122

n = 88

2.13 ± 0.63

2.34 ± 1.2

0.109

INR last admission

n = 115

n = 92

2.70 ± 0.66

2.80 ± 0.97

0.352

Duration of oral anticoagulation (between first and last admission in days)

n = 169

n = 124

145 ± 215

184 ± 222

0.139

hsTroponin ng/ml (< 0.014 ng/ml)

n = 87

n = 63

0.028 ± 0.02

0.046 ± 0.03

 < 0.001

NT-proBNP pg/ml (< 300 pg/ml)

n = 130

n = 96

4284 ± 4880

5737 ± 9772

0.144

D- Dimer mg/l (< 0.23 mg/l)

n = 50

n = 37

0.25 ± 0.28

0.28 ± 0.25

0.609

C-reactive protein mg/dl (< 0.5 mg/dl)

n = 169

0.57 ± 0.74

0.74 ± 0.77

0.068

Fibrinogen mg/dl (184–480 mg/dl)

n = 150

n = 126

0.015

412.3 ± 74.2

433.8 ± 71.1

HbA_1c (mmol/mol) (< 42 mmol/mol)

n = 72

n = 56

0.028

46.1 ± 11.3

50.58 ± 11.2

GFR ml/min/1.73m²

64.5 ± 21.5

56.1 ± 20.85

0.001

Oral anticoagulation at last admission

No effective oral anticoagulation

38 (22.2%)

16 (12%)

Vitamin K antagonist

115 (67.3%)

92 (69.2%)

Factor Xa inhibitor

14 (8.2%)

11 (8.2%)

Thrombin inhibitor

2 (1.2%)

6 (4.5%)

Heparin low molecular weight

2 (1.2%)

7 (5.3%)

Heparin unfractionated

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.8%)