Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants.
Total participants (n = 8667) | Participants with T2DM (n = 245) | Participants without T2DM (n = 8422) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age category, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
20–29 (years) | 489 (5.6) | 11 (4.5) | 478 (5.7) | |
30–39 | 2267 (26.2) | 37 (15.2) | 2230 (26.7) | |
40–49 | 2754 (31.8) | 81 (33.2) | 2673 (32) | |
50–59 | 1934 (22.3) | 65 (26.6) | 1869 (22.4) | |
≥ 60 | 1159 (13.4) | 50 (20.5) | 1109 (13.3) | |
Sex n (%) | 0.386 | |||
Male | 4047 (46.7) | 122 (49.8) | 3925 (47) | |
Female | 4551 (52.5) | 123 (50.2) | 4428 (53) | |
BMI n (%) | 0.076 | |||
≤ 18.5 | 190 (2.2) | 5 (2.1) | 185 (2.3) | |
18.5–24.9 | 2214 (25.5) | 44 (18.3) | 2170 (26.4) | |
25–29.9 | 3457 (39.9) | 108 (44.8) | 3349 (40.8) | |
30–34.9 | 1912 (22.1) | 61 (25.3) | 1851 (22.6) | |
≥ 35 | 675 (7.8) | 23 (9.5) | 652 (7.9) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.310 | |||
Single | 355 (4.1) | 6 (2.4) | 349 (4.1) | |
Married | 8006 (92.4) | 228 (93.1) | 7778 (92.4) | |
Widow or divorced | 306 (3.5) | 11 (4.5) | 295 (3.5) | |
Educational status, n (%) | 0.026 | |||
Uneducated | 1600 (18.5) | 61 (24.9) | 1539 (18.3) | |
Elementary or guidance school | 3667 (42.3) | 106 (43.3) | 3561 (42.3) | |
High school diploma | 2027 (23.4) | 46 (18.8) | 1981 (23.5) | |
BSc or higher academic degree | 1373 (15.8) | 32 (13.1) | 1341 (15.9) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.003 | |||
Current smoker | 1048 (12.1) | 27 (11) | 1021 (12.1) | |
Former smoker | 466 (5.4) | 25 (10.2) | 441 (5.2) | |
Never smoker | 7153 (82.5) | 193 (78.8) | 6960 (82.6) | |
Total energy intake, kcal | 3175.98 ± 1207.49 | 2978.16 ± 1165.47 | 3181.74 ± 1208.27 | 0.009 |
Physical activity, MET-h/week | 278.85 ± 611.37 | 309.85 ± 626.61 | 277.95 ± 610.94 | 0.421 |
