Table 3 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis results of both individual-level and community-level factors associated with common childhood illness in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016.
Variables | Categories | Null model | Model I AOR [95% CI] | Model II AOR [95% CI] | Model III AOR [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of mothers | 15–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
25–34 | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | – | 0.91 (0.81–1.04) | ||
35–49 | 0.81 (0.70–0.94)** | – | 0.81 (0.69–0.94)** | ||
Mothers educational level | No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary education | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | – | 1.05 (0.92–1.18) | ||
Secondary& above | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | – | 0.96 (0.76–1.23) | ||
Mothers marital status | Married | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Not married | 1.03 (0.85–1.26) | – | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | ||
Media access | No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Yes | 0.95 (0.83–1.01) | – | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | ||
Wealth index | Poor | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Middle | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | – | 0.9 (0.76–1.06) | ||
Rich | 0.74 (0.57–0.93)** | – | 0.71 (0.54–0.91)* | ||
Household had electricity | No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Yes | 0.76 (0.61–0.94)* | – | 0.77 (0.61–0.98)* | ||
Household had refrigerator | No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Yes | 0.58 (.41–0.83)** | – | 0.60 (0.42–0.87)** | ||
Source of drinking water | Unimproved | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Improved | 0.83 (0.71–0.96)** | – | 0.82 (0.70–0.95)** | ||
Type of toilet facility | Unimproved | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Improved | 0.69 (0.52–0.90)* | – | 0.72 (0.54–0.94)** | ||
Floor material | Standard | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Sub-standard | 0.81 (0.64–1.02) | – | 0.78 (0.62–1.00) | ||
Place of delivery | Home | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Health facilities | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | – | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | ||
Child size at birth | Large | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | |
Average | 0.84 (0.75–0.94)* | – | 0.83 (0.75–0.94)** | ||
Small | 1.36 (1.20–1.55)*** | – | 1.36 (1.21–1.55)*** | ||
Community-level variables | |||||
Residence | Urban | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Rural | – | 1.39 (1.06–1.83)* | 1.39 (1.01–1.98)* | ||
Community-level media usage | Low | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
High | – | 1.14 (0.87–1.47) | 1.07 (0.81–1.40) | ||
Community-level women education | Low | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
High | – | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 1.18 (0.95–1.48) | ||
Community-level poverty | Low | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
High | 1.20 (1.02–1.43) | 1.26 (1.06–1.52)** | |||
Random effect | |||||
Variance | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.46 | |
ICC | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.12 | |
MOR | 1.96 | 1.90 | 1.88 | 1.74 | |
PCV | Reff | 7.41 | 13.72 | 26.09 | |
Model comparison | |||||
Log likelihood ratio | − 5650 | − 5588 | − 5641 | − 5581 | |
Deviance | 11,300 | 11,176 | 11,282 | 11,162 | |
Mean VIF | 1.51 | 1.13 | 1.49 | ||
