Table 1 Summary of maternal demographics, maternal clinical characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes by classification of cardiovascular risk. *p<0.05.

From: Vascular malperfusion and abruption are prevalent in placentas from pregnancies with congenital heart disease and not associated with cardiovascular risk

Demographics

Total (N = 53)

mWHO I, II, II-III (n = 35)

mWHO III, IV (n = 18)

p-value

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Age

30 (25–35)

31(25–35)

28.5 (24–32)

0.93

Demographics

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Race/ethnicity

   

0.60

 American Indian or Alaskan Native

1 (1.9)

1 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

 

 Asian

5 (9.4)

5 (14.3)

0 (0.0)

 

 Black

2 (3.8)

1 (2.6)

1 (5.6)

 

 Hispanic

13 (24.5)

8 (22.9)

5 (27.8)

 

 White

27 (50.9)

17 (48.6)

10 (55.6)

 

 Other

5 (9.4)

3 (8.6)

2 (11.1)

 

Co-morbidities

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Hx of smoking

2 (3.8)

1 (2.9)

1 (5.6)

1.00

Diabetes

2 (3.8)

1 (2.9)

1 (5.6)

1.00

Chronic hypertension

6 (11.3)

1 (2.9)

5 (27.8)

0.01*

Asthma

3 (5.7)

2 (5.7)

1 (5.6)

1.00

Thyroid condition

4 (7.6)

1 (2.9)

3 (16.7)

0.11

Autoimmune disorders

1 (1.9)

1 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

1.00

Pregnancy outcomes

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

p-value

Gestational age at delivery (weeks)

38.1 (36.1–39.1)

39 (36.6–39.1)

37.1 (35.9–38.3)

0.02*

Estimated blood loss (ml)

350 (200–700)

350 (200–686)

430 (250–800)

0.57

Pregnancy outcomes

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

15 (28.3)

9 (25.7)

6 (33.3)

0.75

Gestational diabetes mellitus

5 (9.4)

4 (11.4)

1 (5.6)

0.65

Fetal growth restriction

10 (18.9)

6 (17.1)

4 (22.2)

0.72

Postpartum hemorrhage

6 (11.3)

5 (14.3)

1 (5.6)

0.65

Peripartum infection

9 (17.0)

4 (11.4)

5 (27.8)

0.25

Maternal ICU admission

4 (7.6)

0 (0.0)

4 (22.2)

0.01*

Mode of birth

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Vaginal birth

27 (50.9)

19 (54.3)

8 (44.4)

0.40

Cesarean birth

16 (30.2)

11 (31.4)

5 (27.8)

 

Forceps-assisted birth

6 (11.3)

4 (11.4)

2 (11.1)

 

Vacuum-assisted birth

4 (7.6)

1 (2.9)

3 (16.7)

 

Neonatal outcomes

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

p-value

Birth weight (g)

2805 (2320–3195)

3060 (2390–3210)

2560 (1972–2690)

0.002*

1-min APGAR

8 (7–9)

8 (7–9)

8 (6–8)

0.06

5-min APGAR

9 (9–9)

9 (9–9)

9 (8–9)

0.17

Neonatal outcomes

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Small for gestational age

12 (22.6)

5 (14.3)

7 (38.9)

0.04*

Large for gestational age

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

N/A

NICU admission

17 (32.1)

9 (25.7)

8 (44.4)

0.17

Respiratory distress syndrome

8 (15.1)

3 (8.6)

5 (27.8)

0.10

Transient tachypnea of newborn

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

N/A

Necrotizing entercolitis

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

N/A

IVH

1 (1.9)

1 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

1.00

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

N/A

Sepsis

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

N/A

Neonatal death

1 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

1 (5.6)

0.34

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