Table 1 Baseline characteristics of training and validation sets.
Characteristic | Training set (n = 521) | Validation set (n = 185) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age [years] | 56.84 ± 12.38 | 54.56 ± 11.13 | 0.021 |
Gender (n, %) | |||
Male | 317 (60.8) | 121 (65.4) | 0.313 |
Female | 204 (39.2) | 64 (35.6) | |
Duration of diabetes [years] | 8.76 ± 7.29 | 8.81 ± 7.30 | 0.945 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 26.02 ± 4.62 | 26.06 ± 3.54 | 0.909 |
Hypertension (n, %) | |||
Yes | 300 (57.6) | 102 (55.1) | 0.624 |
No | 221 (42.4) | 83 (44.9) | |
Diabetes complications | |||
DN (n, %) | |||
Yes | 133 (34.3) | 62 (33.5) | 0.046 |
No | 388 (65.7) | 123 (66.5) | |
DPN (n, %) | |||
Yes | 298 (57.2) | 116 (62.7) | 0.223 |
No | 223 (42.8) | 69 (37.3) | |
DR (n, %) | |||
Yes | 313 (60.1) | 125 (67.6) | 0.778 |
No | 208 (39.9) | 60 (22.4) | |
Lifestyle habits | |||
Smoking (n, %) | |||
Never | 354 (67.9) | 114 (61.6) | 0.141 |
Ever/current | 167 (32.1) | 71 (38.4) | |
Consuming alcohol (n, %) | |||
Never | 364 (69.9) | 122 (65.9) | 0.37 |
Ever/current | 157 (30.1) | 63 (34.1) | |
Biochemical tests result in characteristics | |||
FBG [mmol/L] | 7.93 ± 2.67 | 7.15 ± 2.13 | < 0.001 |
2H-OGTT [mmol/L] | 16.69 ± 4.48 | 16.55 ± 11.06 | 0.868 |
HbA1c [%] | 8.75 ± 2.21 | 8.71 ± 1.88 | 0.833 |
eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2] | 94.13 ± 21.08 | 96.08 ± 22.26 | 0.300 |
Scr [μ mol/L] | 71.74 ± 24.94 | 70.28 ± 23.97 | 0.491 |
TG [mmol/L] | 2.15 ± 1.97 | 2.10 ± 2.03 | 0.777 |
HDL-C [mmol/L] | 0.98 ± 0.27 | 0.99 ± 0.35 | 0.489 |
