Figure 1
The two core ingredients of language. (A) Illustrates the two computations of interest—speech categorization (e.g., as d or g) and combination of speech sounds into syllables (e.g., as dog or god). (B) Illustrates how these two functions were gauged in our TMS studies. In each experiment, participants were administered a brief 50 Hz TMS train (5 pulses) at seven distinct intervals occurring after the onset of the auditory stimulus. Stimulation, in turn, targeted either the primary motor representation of the orbicularis oris muscle (OO) or the pars triangularis of the left frontal operculum (PT). In Experiment 1, participants categorized the ambiguous auditory stimulus; in Experiments 2, they identified the number of syllables (as a test of the combinatorial function). Note: written informed consent was obtained to use and publish the person’s image (in Fig. 1b).
