Figure 2

Observed regional temperature trends from the surface to the stratosphere from January 2002 to December 2021, in 10\(^\circ\)x 10\(^\circ\) horizontal resolution. (top left) HadCRUT surface data; GNSS RO data for (top right) 12 km, located in the troposphere in the tropics and stratosphere at high latitudes; (bottom left) stratosphere at 18 km, and (bottom right) stratosphere at 24 km. Areas with trends significant at the 95% level are marked with black crosses. The maps were created using Cartopy v0.20.2 (https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy).