Table 4 Measurement invariance across diabetes status and gender in multi-group CFA.
Models | χ2 (df) | χ2/df | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | AIC | BIC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM/non-DM | |||||||
 Configural | 240.4 (174) | 1.38 | 0.960 | 0.945 | 0.049 | − 6485 | − 5989 |
 Metric | 257.1 (186) | 1.38 | 0.957 | 0.945 | 0.049 | − 6492 | − 6042 |
 Scalar | 279.4 (196) | 1.43 | 0.950 | 0.939 | 0.052 | − 6490 | − 6078 |
 Strict | 307.2 (212) | 1.45 | 0.945 | 0.937 | 0.053 | − 6494 | − 6144 |
Male/female | |||||||
 Configural | 240.6 (174) | 1.38 | 0.962 | 0.947 | 0.049 | − 6470 | − 5974 |
 Metric | 257.7 (186) | 1.39 | 0.959 | 0.947 | 0.048 | − 6477 | − 6027 |
 Scalar | 283.2 (196) | 1.44 | 0.951 | 0.940 | 0.052 | − 6471 | − 6059 |
 Strict | 333.4 (209) | 1.59 | 0.926 | 0.915 | 0.062 | − 6447 | − 6084 |
Differences in the fit indices | Δχ2 (df) | ΔP | ΔCFI | ΔTLI | ΔRMSEA |  |  |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM/non-DM | |||||||
 Metric–configural | 17.3 (12) | 0.137 | − 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.000 |  |  |
 Scalar–metric | 22.9 (10) | 0.011 | − 0.007 | − 0.006 | 0.003 |  |  |
 Strict–scalar | 24.4 (16) | 0.081 | − 0.005 | − 0.002 | 0.001 |  |  |
Female/male | |||||||
 Metric–configural | 15.6 (12) | 0.210 | − 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 |  |  |
 Scalar–metric | 23.9 (10) | 0.001 | − 0.008 | − 0.007 | 0.003 |  |  |
 Strict–scalar | 108.3 (13) | 0.000 | − 0.025 | − 0.025 | 0.010 |  |  |