Table 1 Comparison of demographic data and psychosocial profile among Polish, Ukrainian, and Taiwanese participants (N = 1626).
Demographic data | Mean ± SD (Number (%)) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Poland (N = 1053) | Ukraine (N = 385) | Taiwan (N = 188) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 252 (23.9) | 71 (18.4) | 84 (44.7) | < 0.001 |
Female | 801 (76.1) | 313 (81.6) | 104 (55.3) | |
Age | ||||
12–21 years | 295 (28) | 83 (21.6) | 29 (15.4) | < 0.001 |
22–30 years | 451 (42.8) | 81 (21) | 45 (23.9) | |
31–40 years | 157 (14.9) | 78 (20.3) | 69 (36.7) | |
41–49 years | 111 (10.5) | 66 (17.1) | 32 (17) | |
50–59 years | 32 (3) | 33 (8.6) | 9 (4.8) | |
Above 60 years | 7 (0.7) | 44 (11.4) | 4 (2.1) | |
Education attainment | ||||
None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
Primary school | 13 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0.083 |
Secondary school (Grades 7–9) | 14 (1.3) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.215 |
Upper secondary school (Grades 10–12) | 516 (49) | 72 (18.7) | 4 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
College | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (3.2) | NA |
University: Bachelor | 206 (19.6) | 140 (36.4) | 99 (52.7) | < 0.001 |
University: Master or PhD | 304 (28.9) | 169 (43.9) | 78 (41.5) | < 0.001 |
Do any of your family members reside in Ukraine? | ||||
Yes | 45 (4.3) | 376 (97.7) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
No | 1008 (95.7) | 9 (2.3) | 188 (100) | |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 334 (31.7) | 99 (25.7) | 88 (46.8) | < 0.001 |
Married | 213 (20.2) | 171 (44.4) | 62 (33) | < 0.001 |
In a relationship with a significant other | 461 (43.8) | 78 (20.3) | 34 (18.1) | < 0.001 |
Divorced/separated | 41 (3.9) | 30 (7.8) | 4 (2.1) | 0.002 |
Widowed | 4 (0.4) | 7 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0.006 |
Employment status | ||||
Student | 496 (47.1) | 115 (29.9) | 52 (27.7) | < 0.001 |
Employed | 517 (49.1) | 213 (55.3) | 124 (66) | < 0.001 |
Unemployed | 9 (0.9) | 20 (5.2) | 5 (2.7) | < 0.001 |
Homemaker | 22 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.013 |
Farmers | 2 (0.2) | 21 (5.5) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Retired | 7 (0.7) | 16 (4.2) | 5 (2.7) | < 0.001 |
Are you a refugee? | ||||
Yes | 13 (1.2) | 97 (25.2) | 1 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
No | 1040 (98.8) | 288 (74.8) | 187 (99.5) | |
Parental status | ||||
No children | 827 (78.5) | 196 (50.9) | 141 (75) | < 0.001 |
I have a child younger/older than 16 years | 190 (18) | 156 (40.5) | 41 (21.8) | < 0.001 |
I have children younger and older than 16 years | 36 (3.5) | 33 (8.6) | 6 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
Household size | ||||
1 person | 190 (18) | 47 (12.2) | 15 (8) | < 0.001 |
2 people | 347 (33) | 85 (22.1) | 29 (15.4) | < 0.001 |
3–5 people | 490 (46.5) | 237 (61.6) | 127 (67.6) | < 0.001 |
6 people or more | 26 (2.5) | 16 (4.2) | 17 (9) | < 0.001 |
Family monthly income (USD) | 2358.24 ± 8780.92 | 2939.05 ± 33,754.02 | 4907.77 ± 8932.27 | 0.203 |
Are you religious? | ||||
Yes | 339 (32.2) | 217 (56.4) | 80 (42.6) | < 0.001 |
No | 714 (67.8) | 168 (43.6) | 108 (57.4) | |
Please self-rate your current health status | ||||
Very good | 248 (23.6) | 38 (9.9) | 42 (22.3) | < 0.001 |
Good | 382 (36.3) | 110 (28.6) | 78 (41.5) | 0.004 |
Fair | 210 (19.9) | 151 (39.2) | 61 (32.4) | < 0.001 |
Poor | 181 (17.2) | 73 (19) | 6 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
Very poor | 32 (3) | 13 (3.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0.123 |
Do you have medical insurance? | ||||
Yes | 982 (93.3) | 91 (23.6) | 186 (98.6) | < 0.001 |
No | 71 (6.7) | 294 (76.4) | 2 (1.1) | |
Do you suffer from a chronic illness (e.g. heart disease, cancer etc.)? | ||||
Yes | 204 (19.4) | 101 (26.2) | 17 (9) | < 0.001 |
No | 849 (80.6) | 284 (73.8) | 171 (91) | |
Did you suffer from COVID-19 in the past 2 years? | ||||
Yes | 614 (58.3) | 258 (67) | 1 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
No | 439 (41.7) | 127 (33) | 187 (99.5) | |
Did you suffer from psychiatric illness in the past (e.g. depression, anxiety disorder, alcoholism, post-traumatic stress disorder etc.)? | ||||
Yes | 518 (49.2) | 104 (27) | 15 (8) | < 0.001 |
No | 535 (50.8) | 281 (73) | 173 (92) | |
Have you experienced a serious accident, life-threatening situation or disaster before? | ||||
Yes | 282 (26.8) | 91 (23.6) | 21 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
No | 771 (73.2) | 294 (76.4) | 167 (88.8) | |
