Figure 6

Key Proteins and Metabolites characterized by each omics method in severe COVID-19 Patients. Multi-omics methods were able to pinpoint the SARS-CoV-2 activation on both classical and lectin pathways with subsequent visualizing the whole complement cascade. This scenario leads to cell damage caused by the membrane attack complex, neutrophils recruited by chemoattractant like PPBP, inducing the elevation of various APPs such as F2, ITIH3, ITIH4, ALB, KNG, AHSG, and HRG. Additionally, it induces platelet activation, signalling, and aggregation. In contrast, the single omics analysis was able to uncover only one C2 in the initiation of the complement cascade and few APPs in the platelet activation pathway. On the metabolic side, the multi-omics approaches were able to uncover most of the hits in the “Disorder of transmembrane transporters” and “Purine metabolism” pathways compared to single omics.