Table 1 Comparisons of characteristics between pneumoconiosis workers and community subjects.

From: Association of circadian rhythm with mild cognitive impairment among male pneumoconiosis workers in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Community referents (N = 208)

Pneumoconiosis workers (N = 186)

P value

n

%

n

%

Age group, years

    

0.30

 < 65

28

13.5

34

18.3

 

 65–74

101

48.6

92

49.5

 

 ≥ 75

79

38

60

32.3

 

Education, years

    

 < 0.001

 0–3 years

44

21.2

78

41.9

 

 4–6 years

68

32.7

76

40.9

 

 > 6 years

96

46.2

32

17.2

 

Marital status

    

0.002

 Single/Divorced/Widowed

37

17.8

14

7.5

 

 Married/cohabitation

166

79.8

170

91.4

 

 Unknown

5

2.4

2

1.1

 

Employment

    

0.045

 Retired

175

84.1

169

90.9

 

 Employed

33

15.9

17

9.1

 

 History of diabetes

51

24.5

33

17.7

0.10

 History of hypertension or CVDs

112

53.8

102

54.8

0.84

 Current sleep medication user

9

4.3

5

2.7

0.43

 Family history of dementia

11

5.3

2

1.1

0.023

Smoking status

    

 < 0.001

 Current smoker

39

18.8

22

11.8

 

 Former smoker

68

32.7

122

65.6

 

 Never smoker

101

48.6

42

22.6

 

Alcohol Drinking

    

 < 0.001

 Current drinker

35

16.8

37

19.9

 

 Former drinker

31

14.9

63

33.9

 

 Never drinker

142

68.3

86

46.2

 

 Tea drinker

152

73.1

163

87.6

 < 0.001

 Coffee drinker

68

32.7

47

25.3

0.11

Anxiety score of HADS

    

0.60

 Normal (0–7)

183

88

159

85.5

 

 Borderline abnormal (8–10)

18

8.7

15

8.1

 

 Abnormal (11–21)

7

3.4

10

5.4

 

 Missing

0

0

2

1.1

 

Depression score of HADS

    

0.15

 Normal (0–7)

165

79.3

158

84.9

 

 Borderline abnormal (8–10)

23

11.1

17

9.1

 

 Abnormal (11–21)

20

9.6

9

4.8

 

 Missing

0

0

2

1.1

 

Physical activity

    

0.54

 Low

40

19.2

32

17.2

 

 Moderate

107

51.4

106

57

 

 High

61

29.3

48

25.8

 

 Poor sleep quality

109

52.4

141

75.8

 < 0.001

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

 

Age, years

72.9

8.0

71.3

7.8

0.058

Waist circumference, cm

89.5

10.1

86.2

9.1

 < 0.001

Handgrip strength, kg

27.6

7.8

28.6

8.4

0.21

  1. CVDs cardiovascular disease; HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SD standard deviation.