Table 1 Distribution of handgrip strength and demographics, health, functionality, and anthropometrics characteristics by sex.
Variable | Total | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Median (IQR) | n | % | Median (IQR) | n | % | Median (IQR) | |
Antioquia | 1592 | 100 | 24.2 (19.7–30.9) | 679 | 41.0 | 32.2 (27.7–36.8) | 913 | 59.0 | 21.0 (17.8–24.3) |
Agea | |||||||||
60–64 | 485 | 31.7 | 25.6a (20.6–34.6) | 198 | 30.0 | 34.6a (32.2–38.4) | 287 | 33.0 | 22.6a (18.7–25.4) |
65–69 | 358 | 19.4 | 25.5a (20.4–31.9) | 157 | 19.3 | 33.4a,b (29.8–37.8) | 201 | 19.4 | 21.4a (18.3–24.7) |
70–74 | 299 | 20.8 | 24.8a (20.7–29.3) | 124 | 19.0 | 30.7b (28.6–36.0) | 175 | 22.0 | 21.9a,b (19.7–24.8) |
75–79 | 212 | 15.3 | 23.1a,b (19.1–29.3) | 91 | 18.9 | 28.4c (23.0–31.0) | 121 | 12.8 | 20.3b,c (15.9–23.3) |
80–84 | 140 | 6.6 | 21.0b,c (16.5–27.0) | 62 | 7.1 | 28.0c,d (22.5–35.1) | 78 | 6.3 | 18.9c,d (14.6–21.6) |
≥ 85 | 98 | 6.2 | 19.7c,d (16.2–21.1) | 47 | 5.7 | 23.2d,e (18.2–30.9) | 51 | 6.5 | 17.9d (14.9–20.5) |
p* | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Educational levela | |||||||||
No education/Preschool | 917 | 47.3 | 24.2a (19.6–30.3) | 392 | 48.6 | 30.9a (27.0–35.6) | 525 | 46.4 | 20.7a (17.0–24.4) |
Primary school | 514 | 42.1 | 23.4a (19.7–30.1) | 206 | 39.3 | 32.6a,b (27.6–37.8) | 308 | 44.1 | 21.1a,b (17.8–23.8) |
Secundary school | 98 | 6.1 | 30.7b (22.4–34.6) | 56 | 7.8 | 34.6b (31.6–38.9) | 42 | 4.9 | 22.5b (19.1–26.4) |
College | 60 | 4.6 | 24.9a,b (21.5–32.3) | 24 | 4.4 | 33.2a,b (29.2–40.3) | 36 | 4.7 | 23.2a,b (20.1–24.2) |
p* | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.023 | ||||||
Physical activity | |||||||||
Active | 1013 | 63.3 | 25.7 (20.7–33.0) | 519 | 75.7 | 32.8 (28.0–37.0) | 494 | 54.7 | 21.4 (18.8–24.6) |
Inactive | 569 | 36.7 | 22.7 (17.7–27.7) | 155 | 24.3 | 30.3 (27.1–34.6) | 414 | 45.3 | 20.4 (16.3–23.4) |
p** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Multimorbidity | |||||||||
No | 861 | 54.1 | 25.8 (21.0–32.6 | 431 | 64.5 | 32.6 (28.9–37.0) | 430 | 46.9 | 21.5 (18.8–24.4) |
Yes | 731 | 45.9 | 22.9 (18.5–28.9) | 248 | 35.5 | 31.4 (26.5–35.6) | 483 | 53.1 | 20.1 (16.5–23.9) |
p** | < 0.001 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | ||||||
Gait speed | |||||||||
Normal (≥ 0.8 m/s) | |||||||||
846 | 55.0 | 26.6 (21.4–34.5) | 423 | 62.8 | 34.6 (30.1–38.2) | 423 | 49.8 | 22.4 (19.2–24.7) | |
Slow (< 0.8 m/s) | |||||||||
685 | 45.0 | 22.5 (17.7–27.3) | 224 | 37.2 | 29.3 (23.0–33.5) | 461 | 50.2 | 20.1 (15.9–23.9) | |
p** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Mini nutritional assessment | |||||||||
Normal | |||||||||
881 | 63.8 | 25.6 (20.8–32.5) | 411 | 70.9 | 32.6 (28.1–37.0) | 470 | 58.6 | 21.4 (19.0–24.9) | |
Risk/Malnutrition | |||||||||
513 | 36.2 | 23.1 (17.8–29.3) | 197 | 29.1 | 30.3 (27.1–35.6) | 316 | 41.4 | 20.3 (15.9–23.4) | |
p** | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Calf circumference | |||||||||
Adequate (≥ 31 cm) | |||||||||
1257 | 86.6 | 25.4 (20.4–32.2) | 575 | 92.8 | 32.6 (28.6–37.0) | 682 | 82.1 | 21.4 (17.8–24.8) | |
Low (< 31 cm) | |||||||||
167 | 13.4 | 21.2 (17.2–24.3) | 47 | 7.2 | 26.2 (22.4–29.3) | 120 | 17.9 | 19.7 (15.3–22.7) | |
p** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Body mass indexa | |||||||||
Undernutrition | 312 | 20.5 | 24.2a,b (20.5–32.2) | 166 | 25.4 | 32.1a (27.7–34.7) | 146 | 17.1 | 20.5a (16.7–22.7) |
Normal | 637 | 43.0 | 24.8a (20.6–31.7) | 308 | 52.9 | 31.3a,b (27.3–36.7) | 329 | 36.2 | 21.4a,b,c (18.7–24.4) |
Overweight | 380 | 24.4 | 23.5a,b (17.9–29.1) | 143 | 17.4 | 33.6b (28.8–37.9) | 237 | 29.3 | 20.1b,c (17.5–25.0) |
Obesity | 214 | 12.1 | 22.8b (19.3–27.2) | 36 | 4.4 | 34.1a,b (29.7–40.3) | 178 | 17.5 | 21.4c (18.7–25.0) |
p* | 0.0242 | 0.0042 | 0.0001 | ||||||
