Table 1 Characteristics of the 492 case patients with PTC and 595 control patients with benign thyroid diseases at Samsung Medical Center (SMC) in South Korea between 2011 and 2016.

From: Association between urinary iodine concentration and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer by sex and age: a case–control study

Characteristics

Total

Case

Control

P-valuea

N

1087

492

595

 

Sex

0.182

 Men

216 (19.9)

107 (21.7)

109 (18.3)

 

 Women

871 (80.1)

385 (78.3)

486 (81.7)

 

Age (years)

48.2 ± 10.8

46.5 ± 11.1

49.7 ± 10.3

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.1 ± 3.3

24.2 ± 3.4

24.1 ± 3.3

0.741

Smoking status

0.869

 Never

855 (78.7)

385 (78.3)

470 (79.1)

 

 Former

148 (13.6)

70 (14.2)

78 (13.1)

 

 Current

83 (7.6)

37 (7.5)

46 (7.7)

 

Daily alcohol intake (g/day)

5.9 ± 16.7

7.0 ± 18.7

5.0 ± 14.7

0.063

Physical activity

0.145

 No

629 (57.9)

297 (60.4)

332 (55.8)

 

 Yes

458 (42.1)

195 (39.6)

263 (44.2)

 

Education level

0.440

 ≤ Elementary school graduation

59 (5.5)

26 (5.3)

33 (5.6)

 

 Middle school graduation

73 (6.8)

28 (5.7)

45 (7.6)

 

 High school graduation

384 (35.5)

168 (34.4)

216 (36.5)

 

 ≥ College graduation

565 (52.3)

267 (54.6)

298 (50.3)

 

Supplement intakeb

0.147

 No

541 (49.8)

257 (52.3)

284 (47.7)

 

 Yes

545 (50.2)

234 (47.7)

311 (52.3)

 

History of benign thyroid diseases prior to recruitmentc

 < 0.001

 No

778 (71.6)

387 (78.8)

391 (65.7)

 

 Yes

308 (28.4)

104 (21.2)

204 (34.3)

 

Family history of cancer

0.694

 No

734 (67.6)

335 (68.4)

399 (67.1)

 

 Yes

351 (32.4)

155 (31.6)

196 (32.9)

 

Reasons for visiting outpatient clinic

0.075

 Symptom

143 (13.2)

60 (12.2)

83 (14.0)

 

 Medical examination

903 (83.3)

419 (85.5)

484 (81.5)

 

 Other department

38 (3.5)

11 (2.2)

27 (4.5)

 

Season of the urine collection

0.389

 Spring

360 (33.2)

160 (32.6)

200 (33.7)

 

 Summer

264 (24.3)

121 (24.6)

143 (24.1)

 

 Fall

189 (17.4)

95 (19.4)

94 (15.8)

 

 Winter

272 (25.1)

115 (23.4)

157 (26.4)

 

Time of the urine collection

0.054

 Morning

717 (66.6)

309 (63.6)

408 (69.2)

 

 Afternoon

359 (33.4)

177 (36.4)

182 (30.9)

 

UIC (μg/L), median

385.41

472.00

353.08

 

Creatinine-adjusted UIC (μg/g Cr), median

436.45

477.31

394.28

 
  1. UIC urinary iodine concentration.
  2. Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
  3. aP values were derived from a chi-square test for categorical variables and from t-test for continuous variables.
  4. bSupplement intake includes multiple vitamin, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, calcium, omega-3, red ginseng.
  5. cHistory of benign thyroid diseases prior to recruitment include thyroid nodule or benign tumor, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, others.
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