Table 1 Summary of findings.
Post-injury delay | Outcome assessed | Conclusion | Relevance to other models |
|---|---|---|---|
2 days | Neuroinflammation | rTBI rats show increased GFAP and IBA1 immunoreactivity in hippocampus | Acute inflammation71 |
Calpain activation | rTBI rats show calpain cleavage of p35 cofactor and Fodrin | Acute calpain activation in blast models72 | |
Axonal injury | rTBI rats show increased phosphorylated neurofilaments in the hippocampus. | Acute axonal damage p-NF50 | |
Proteomics | rTBI rats show global alterations in hippocampal proteomics | ||
Phosphoproteomics | rTBI rats show dysregulation of Cdk5 phosphoproteomics | ||
7 days | Hippocampal electrophysiological axonal function | rTBI rats show impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) | Subacute Hippocampal axonal dysfunction73 |
Memory | rTBI rats show decreased memory function in fear conditioning | Subacute Memory impairments following weight drop74 | |
Neuroinflammation | rTBI rats show increased TSPO PET/CT uptake across brain regions | Subacute neuroinflammation in FPI model75 | |
14 days | Neuroinflammation | rTBI rats show increased GFAP and IBA1 immunoreactivity in hippocampus | Subacute neuroinflammation in “Run and Hit” model76 |
Cell death | rTBI rats show increased cell death in the hippocampus | Subacute cell death in CCI23 | |
6 months | Phospho-Tau (AT8) immunoreactivity | rTBI rats show increased AT8 immunoreactivity | AT8 immunoreactivty in human CTE patients77 |
