Figure 6

Expression of the clathrin heavy chain (chc) gene in the midguts (a) and in the heads (b) regards to the reference genes glutathione S-transferase and tubulin β. White boxes correspond to E. variegatus that ingested GFP dsRNA and acquired phytoplasmas on infected broad beans for seven days. Light grey boxes correspond to E. variegatus that ingested chc dsRNA and acquired phytoplasmas on infected broad beans for seven days and then placed onto non-infected broad beans. Dark grey boxes correspond to E. variegatus that ingested chc dsRNA and were then placed onto non-infected broad beans. *Indicates a significant difference with p < 0.05, **with p < 0.01, ***with p < 0.001 and NS indicates no significant difference under the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test of the R commander package of R software version 4.0.3.