Figure 5

Clinical validity of digital measurements from single-sensor–derived features and composite V-scores as pharmacodynamic biomarkers: levodopa effect sizes calculated using sensor data collected during the supervised MDS-UPDRS Part III and unsupervised VME on Day 3 of the inpatient assessment. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d. Effect sizes of 0.2 were considered small, 0.5 were considered medium, 0.8 large, and > 1.2 very large. The smartwatch sensor data were collected during the investigator-supervised MDS-UPDRS Part III examination and during the unsupervised VME on Day 3 of the inpatient assessment; the averages of all scores on Day 3 were combined for each measure. CI confidence interval, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, V-score machine-learned composite sensor scores for each motor feature, VME virtual motor examination.