Figure 3

The multivariable-adjusted association between plasmid genetic traits and the log-odds of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) carriage. The effect of (a) number of other ARG types; (b) virulence gene presence; (c) biocide/metal resistance gene presence; (d) integron presence, on the log-odds of ARG carriage (y-axis), is shown across 10 ARG types. ARG types are ordered by the date plasmid-mediated resistance was first reported (see Table 2) from earliest (aminoglycoside, sulphonamide) to most recent (colistin). For categorical factors (biocide/metal resistance gene presence, integron presence, virulence gene presence), log-odds ratios indicate the effect of a given factor level, relative to reference factor level, and error bars show 95% confidence intervals. For number of other ARG types, smooth curves indicate the predicted effect of ≥ 1 other resistance gene types (relative to 0 other ARG types). An effective degrees of freedom (edf) value > 1 indicates a non-linear smooth. Shaded areas around smooths show 95% confidence intervals.