Table 2 Number of steps and daily gait speed every 3 h of NC, MCI, and GCI groups.

From: Association between daily gait speed patterns and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults

Characteristics

Time of day

Total (n = 1959)

NC (n = 1519)

MCI (n = 353)

GCI (n = 87)

Two-way ANCOVA

Post Hoc

Number of steps, steps

6–9 o'clock

1299.4 ± 1220.0

1286.5 ± 1217.5

1318.6 ± 1223.2

1445.1 ± 1253.7

Time of day < 0.01*

Group < 0.01*

Interaction = 0.09

n.s

9–12 o'clock

1726.7 ± 931.6

1727.2 ± 917.6

1755.4 ± 999.2

1600.9 ± 889.1

n.s

12–15 o'clock

1371.8 ± 771.1

1382.7 ± 769.5

1366.5 ± 796.8

1202.9 ± 675.0

n.s

15–18 o'clock

1464.7 ± 905.6

1468.2 ± 883.1

1469.9 ± 965.3

1383.1 ± 1041.1

n.s

18–21 o'clock

661.6 ± 672.0

659.8 ± 656.6

731.0 ± 763.5

412.6 ± 448.6

NC, MCI > GCI

Daily gait speed, cm/s

6–9 o'clock

98.8 ± 12.0

99.0 ± 11.8

98.1 ± 12.6

96.9 ± 13.7

Time of day < 0.01*

Group < 0.01*

Interaction < 0.01*

n.s

9–12 o'clock

101.4 ± 9.6

101.7 ± 9.3

100.8 ± 9.7

97.8 ± 12.5

NC, MCI > GCI

12–15 o'clock

99.8 ± 9.7

100.3 ± 9.3

98.8 ± 10.5

95.3 ± 12.0

NC > MCI > GCI

15–18 o'clock

100.5 ± 10.6

100.9 ± 10.3

99.6 ± 11.0

95.8 ± 12.0

NC, MCI > GCI

18–21 o'clock

92.8 ± 11.7

93.2 ± 11.2

93.1 ± 12.7

85.1 ± 13.0

NC, MCI > GCI

  1. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
  2. *p-values reported from two-way repeated ANCOVA, adjusted for age, education, GDS (geriatric depression scale), and prescribed medications (p < 0.05).