Table 1 Summary of the regulation performance for in vitro and in vivo experiments. The mean differences between target and experimental temperature, together with RMSE at the control voxel are reported for each plateau of temperature increase and the total heating duration. The standard deviation of temperature (STD) in a non-heated voxel is also indicated to illustrate the stability of the thermometry method.

From: Real-time automatic temperature regulation during in vivo MRI-guided laser-induced thermotherapy (MR-LITT)

 

Plateaus (°C)

Total heating duration

In vitro experiments

0 → 5

5

5 → 10

10

10 → 15

15

 

Mean difference

–0.51

–0.01

–0.27

0.03

–0.27

–0.05

–0.06

RMSE

0.56

0.33

0.56

0.39

0.53

0.31

0.45

STD in a non-heated voxel

0.29

0.26

0.21

0.29

0.29

0.23

0.27

In vivo experiments

0 → 5

5

5 → 10

10

10 → 15

15

 

Mean difference

−0.48

0

−0.17

−0.02

−0.19

0.01

−0.05

RMSE

0.74

0.66

0.79

0.77

0.92

1.02

0.82

STD in a non-heated voxel

0.44

0.44

0.36

0.46

0.45

0.52

0.47

 

0 → 30

30

     

Mean difference

−0.95

0.05

    

−0.1

RMSE

1.85

1.32

    

1.4

STD in a non-heated voxel

0.62

0.71

    

0.69