Table 1 Measurement results of gait parameters for each age group.

From: Estimability study on the age of toddlers’ gait development based on gait parameters

N = 97 (49 boys, 48 girls)

Group

Mean

SD

95% CI

RM ANOVA

Bonferroni’s post-hoc test

Lower

Upper

p

η2

Walk ratio (cm/steps/min)

A

0.16

0.03

0.15

0.17

***

0.286

A < B***

A < C***

B

0.19

0.03

0.18

0.20

C

0.21

0.04

0.20

0.22

Hand height (%height)

A

12.66

7.11

10.18

15.14

***

0.224

A > B***

A > C***

B

6.11

5.75

4.00

8.22

C

5.28

5.93

3.14

7.41

Trunk sway (%height)

A

3.93

1.09

3.55

4.31

***

0.329

A > B***

A > C***

B

2.72

1.14

2.30

3.13

C

2.30

0.78

2.01

2.58

Waist height (%height)

A

39.97

1.80

39.34

40.60

***

0.411

A < B***

A < C***

B

42.43

1.76

41.79

43.08

C

43.27

1.61

42.69

43.86

Knee-to-knee distance (%height)

A

29.34

3.38

28.17

30.52

***

0.499

A > B***

A > C***

B > C***

B

25.63

1.96

24.91

26.35

C

23.65

1.44

23.13

24.17

  1. Group A, 13–21 months (N = 34); Group B, 22–29 months (N = 31); Group C, 30–37 months (N = 32). [%height] indicates the height ratio.
  2. Data are presented as means.
  3. SD: standard deviation, CI: confidence interval, p: p-value, η2: effect size and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test.
  4. ***p < 0.001.